Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Tea Beverage by Directly Suspended Droplet Microextraction Combined with G
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Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Tea Beverage by Directly Suspended Droplet Microextraction Combined with GC-ECD Lijun Wu & Chunman Song & Yong Zhao & Zhijun He & Guiyuan Zhou & Wei Lu & Baoxing Wang
Received: 15 January 2014 / Accepted: 21 April 2014 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
Abstract In this paper, a simple and efficient directly suspended droplet microextraction (DSDME) method has been developed and optimized, which can be applied on extracting organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in beverage for gas chromatography–electron capture detector (GC-ECD) analysis. The optimal DSDME was adding 100 μL of isooctane into 5 mL of the beverage sample and stirred for 10 min at 1,000 rpm. The relative recoveries of the DSDME method were ranged from 81 to 117 % (relative standard deviations were 2–20 %, n=5). The limits of detections were 0.8–5.0 ng/L. Furthermore, DSDME was applied to rapidly determine the OCPs in tea beverage and the results suggested that the method can be used as rapid determination of OCPs in the tea beverage. Keywords Directly suspended droplet microextraction . Organochlorine pesticides . Tea beverage . Gas chromatography–electron capture detector
Introduction Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used in agriculture as insecticides and for the control of vector-borne diseases from the 1950s to the 1970s (Yan and Wu 2004). This kind of pesticides would lead to the environmental pollution. The residues can remain for a long time and are hard to be decomposed. Therefore, it is of great value to determine the organochlorine pesticide residues, especially in agricultural production (Grossi et al. 2008; Huang and Huang 2006). L. Wu : C. Song : Y. Zhao : Z. He : G. Zhou : W. Lu : B. Wang (*) China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd R&D center, Kunming, China e-mail: [email protected]
For many centuries, tea beverage is the most popular soft beverage worldwide undoubtedly. Therefore, the determination of OCPs in tea beverage is of great significance to appraise the quality and the safety of tea beverage (Bappaditya et al. 2010). Although many reports are on pesticide residues in tea leaves, there is little report on pesticide residues in tea beverages (Wang et al. 2014; Huang et al. 2007). Several basic steps of sample preparation for qualitative and quantitative of pesticides including extraction, purification, and condensation were researched. Among these, the liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) and solid-phase extraction (SPME) are the most powerful sample preparation methods for the purification procedure (Shrivas and Wu 2008; Medina et al. 2009). However, traditional sample preparation techniques have lots of disadvantages such as poor operability and instability of the pendant drop, a great chance of cross infection of the hollow fiber membrane, complicated, time-consuming and labor-intensive procedures, organic solvents, and difficulty in automation, which result in the production of hazardous laboratory waste (Sha et al. 2010). As to SPME methods, the fibers are e
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