Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Associated with Changes in Organic Loads from Biological Reactors Monitored by Multivari
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Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal Associated with Changes in Organic Loads from Biological Reactors Monitored by Multivariate Criteria Jacineumo Falcão de Oliveira & Ronaldo Fia & Bianca Selvati Brandino Nunes & Luciene Alves Batista Siniscalchi & Mateus Pimentel de Matos & Fátima Resende Luiz Fia
Received: 10 July 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the techniques of main principal components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) as a criterion to monitor the removal of nitrogen forms and phosphorus in sequential upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), submerged aerated biological filters (SABF), and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF-CW)
treating different organic loads of swine wastewater. System was conducted in four organic loads of swine effluent. The UASB reactor did not provide satisfactory removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. In SABF, dissolved oxygen increased by more than 50 mg L−1 in nitric forms between phases I and IV. The HSSF-CW removed 87.5 and 63.1% and 70 and 42 kg ha−1d−1 of
Highlights • Evaluation of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in biological reactors by PCA and HCA. • The system extracted 2 principal components with 81.87% of original data variability. • There was strong clustering of the nitric variables in the swine wastewater. • The COD/TKN ratio showed an antagonistic effect of PCA and HCA in the effluent. • Use of HSSF-CW reactor as post-treatment associated with multivariate criteria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04858-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. J. F. de Oliveira (*) : R. Fia : B. S. B. Nunes : L. A. B. Siniscalchi : M. P. de Matos : F. R. L. Fia Department of Water Resources and Sanitation, Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Centre, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]
B. S. B. Nunes e-mail: [email protected] L. A. B. Siniscalchi e-mail: [email protected] M. P. de Matos e-mail: [email protected]
R. Fia e-mail: [email protected]
F. R. L. Fia e-mail: [email protected]
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nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. The PCA showed the effect of salinity and nitrogen/organic load measured and nitrogen and phosphorus removal with high positive correlation (r > 0.80). Two components extracted from the 7 variables were responsible for 81.8, 66.7, and 61.6% of the original influent and effluent data from the UASB, SABF, and HSSF-CW reactors, associated by nutrient removals. There was a reduction in HCA similarity with application of the sequential biological treatment, with the formation of four clusters and the central highlight of the nitrite and nitrate in the SABF reactor. The multivariate techniques presented in this document reduce the number of analyses, maintaining the representativeness of the monitoring data for wastewater treatment.
Keywords Multiva
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