Nondestructive Damage Sensitivity and Reinforcing Effect of Functionalized Carbon Nanotube and Nanofiber/Epoxy Composite
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Nondestructive Damage Sensitivity and Reinforcing Effect of Functionalized Carbon Nanotube and Nanofiber/Epoxy Composites Using Electro-Micromechanical Techniques Joung-Man Park, Jin-Kyu Jung, Sung-Ju Kim, Dae-Sik Kim1, Jae-Rock Lee2, and Tae-Wook Kim3 Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea 1 Fiber Science Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4401, U.S.A. 2 Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yusong, Taejeon, 305-600, Korea 3 Composite Materials Group, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Chanwon 641-010, Korea ABSTRACT Nondestructive damage sensing and load transfer mechanisms of thermal treated carbon nanotube (CNT) and nanofiber (CNF)/epoxy composites were investigated using electromicromechanical technique. Carbon black (CB) was used only for the comparison. Electromicromechanical techniques were applied to obtain the fiber damage and stress transferring effect of carbon nanocomposites with their contents. Thermal treatment and temperature affected on apparent modulus and electrical properties on nanocomposites due to enhanced inherent properties of each CNMs. Coefficient of variation (COV) of volumetric electrical resistance can be used to obtain the dispersion degree indirectly for various CNMs. Dispersion and surface modification are very important parameters to obtain improved mechanical and electrical properties of CNMs for multifunctional applications. Further optimized functionalization and dispersion conditions will be investigated for the following work continuously. INTRODUCTION Recently, carbon nanomaterials (CNM) such as carbon nanotube (CNT) and nanofiber (CNF) reinforced polymeric matrix composites have been attracted with considerable attention in the research and industrial field due to their unique and multifunctional properties such as mechanical and electrical properties [1-3]. Carbon nanocomposites have high stiffness, strength and good electrical conductivity at relatively low concentrations of reinforcing materials [4,5]. The electro-micromechanical technique had been studied as an economical and new nondestructive evaluation (NDE) method for damage sensing, characterization of interfacial properties, and nondestructive behavior because conductive fiber can act as a sensor in itself as well as a reinforcing fiber [6,7]. Some research works on functionalization and surface modification of carbon nanotube have been studied recently to improve dispersion and interfacial adhesion [8].
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EXPERIMENTAL Materials CNT (Iljin Nanotech Co., Korea) and CNF (SDK Co., Japan) as reinforcing and sensing materials were used and their average diameters were 20 nm and 150 nm, respectively. Carbon black (CB, Korea Carbon Black Co, Korea) was used to compare with CNT and CNF. Conventional carbon fiber (Taekwang Co., TZ-307, Korea) with average diameter of 8 µm was used as a reinforcement and epoxy resin (YD-128, Kukdo Chemical Co., Korea) based
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