Novel 3D-printed methacrylated chitosan-laponite nanosilicate composite scaffolds enhance cell growth and biomineral for
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ARTICLE Novel 3D-printed methacrylated chitosan-laponite nanosilicate composite scaffolds enhance cell growth and biomineral formation in MC3T3 pre-osteoblasts Tugba Cebe Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
Neelam Ahuja Department of Graduate Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
Felipe Monte Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
Kamal Awad Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA; and Department of Refractories and Ceramics, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
Kimaya Vyavhare and Pranesh Aswath Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
Jian Huang and Marco Brotto Department of Graduate Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
Venu Varanasia) Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA; and Department of Graduate Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA (Received 9 February 2018; accepted 2 July 2018)
This study compared the effect of gelatin- and chitosan-based scaffolds on osteoblast biomineralization. These scaffolds have been modified using methacrylate and laponite nanosilicates to improve their mechanical strength and support osteoblast function. Scaffold materials were prepared to have the same compressive strength (14–15 MPa) such that differences in cell response would be isolated to differences in biopolymer chemistry. The materials were tested for rheological properties to optimize the bio-ink for successful 3D printing using a robocast-assisted deposition system. Osteoblasts were cultured on the surface of 3D-printed methacrylated chitosan-laponite (MAC-Lp), methacrylated gelatin-laponite (MAG-Lp), MAC, and MAG scaffolds. MAC-Lp scaffolds showed increased cell viability, cell growth, and biomineral formation as compared to MAG-Lp scaffolds. FTIR results showed the presence of higher biomineral phosphate and extracellular matrix (ECM) collagen-like amide formation on MAC-Lp scaffolds as compared to MAG-Lp scaffolds. MAC-Lp scaffolds showed increased density of ECM-like tissue from SEM analysis, stained mineral nodules from Alizarin staining, and the existence of Ca–P species evident by X-ray absorbance near edge structure analysis. In conclusion, MAC-Lp scaffolds enhanced osteoblast growth and biomineral formation as compared to MAG-Lp scaffolds.
I. INTRODUCTION
Bone is a complex living tissue, which has the ability to repair itself. Bone healing is divided into three stages: inflammatory, reparative, and remodeling.1 The presence of a critical size defect limits the reparative function to fill the defect, thus, requiring grafts
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