Novel Bismuth-Oxyhalide-Based Materials and their Applications
This book provides a comprehensive overview of a series of bismuth oxyhalide compounds of BiOX (X=F, Cl, Br, I), in terms of their microstructure, electronic/band structure, preparation techniques, optical properties and their applications. The book bring
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Mohammed A. Gondal Chang Xiaofeng Mohamed A. Dastageer
Novel BismuthOxyhalideBased Materials and Their Applications
Advanced Structured Materials Volume 76
Series editors Andreas Öchsner, Southport Queensland, Australia Lucas F.M. da Silva, Porto, Portugal Holm Altenbach, Magdeburg, Germany
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8611
Mohammed A. Gondal Chang Xiaofeng Mohamed A. Dastageer •
Novel BismuthOxyhalide-Based Materials and Their Applications
123
Mohamed A. Dastageer Department of Physics King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
Mohammed A. Gondal Department of Physics King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia Chang Xiaofeng Department of Applied Chemistry Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
ISSN 1869-8433 Advanced Structured Materials ISBN 978-81-322-3737-2 DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-3739-6
ISSN 1869-8441
(electronic)
ISBN 978-81-322-3739-6
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017940815 © Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd. 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd. The registered company address is: 7th Floor, Vijaya Building, 17 Barakhamba Road, New Delhi 110 001, India
Preface
Energy and water are the two commodities that the modern world is running short of due to over population, over consumption, and vast industrialization and all the major world confrontations were and will be for controlling and manipulating these precious natural resources. Water is the foundation of life and more than 70% of planet earth is covered with water, but quite ironically, nearly 1.2 billion people on earth do not have access to clean drinking water. The rapid industrialization and reckless human activ
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