Biological materials formed by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and their potential applications
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Biological materials formed by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and their potential applications Mengran Yang1,2 · Yue Zhan1 · Shuang Zhang1 · Weidong Wang1 · Lei Yan1 Received: 21 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract A variety of biological materials including schwertmannite, jarosite, iron–sulfur cluster (ISC) and magnetosomes can be produced by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans). Their possible formation mechanisms involved in iron transformation, iron transport, and electron transfer were proposed. The schwertmannite formation usually occurs under the pH of 2.0–3.51, and a lower or higher pH will promote jarosite to be produced. Available Fe2+ in the environment and the carrier proteins that can transport Fe2+ to the intracellular membranes of A. ferrooxidans play a critical role in the synthesis of magnetosomes and ISC. The potential applications of these biological materials were reviewed, including removal of heavy metal by schwertmannite, detoxification of toxic species by jarosite, the transference of electron and ripening the iron sulfur protein by ISC, and biomedical application of magnetosomes. Additionally, some perspectives for the molecular mechanisms of synthesis and regulation of these biomaterials were briefly described. Keywords Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans · Biological materials · Formation mechanism · Potential application · Iron cycling
Introduction Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans) is a chemolithotrophic autotroph able to obtain energy from the oxidation of ferrous iron and also can utilize elemental sulfur (S0) to grow (Ceskova et al. 2010). Its cellular morphology is related to the energy source, which displays club or rod shapes in the medium with Fe2+ or S as the substrate (Chen et al. 2012). The survival, colonization, growth and development of A. ferrooxidans are closely related to the environment (Yang et al. 2019a, b and c). It can accelerate the oxidative dissolution of sulfide minerals, which can cause the generation of acidic metal-rich drainage but also promote
* Lei Yan [email protected] 1
Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo‑Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University (HBAU), 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing High‑Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, People’s Republic of China
School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
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the recovery of metals in different species from mineral leachates. A. ferrooxidans can catalyze the dissimilatory oxidation of iron, sulfur, and hydrogen, and the reduction of iron and sulfur (Tuovinen et al. 1973). Additionally, it has a significant impact on nutrient and metal biogeochemical cycling in low-pH environments (Harneit et al. 2006). Thus, A. ferrooxidans has been regarded as an essential model organism in an extreme
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