Seaweed Biology Novel Insights into Ecophysiology, Ecology and Utili

Seaweeds, also known as macroalgae, are among the most important primary producers and act as ecological engineers on rocky coasts of the world’s oceans. In addition to their extreme ecological importance they are also of high economic relevance. Compleme

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Edited by M.M. Caldwell, Washington, USA G. Heldmaier, Marburg, Germany R.B. Jackson, Durham, USA O.L. Lange, Wu¨rzburg, Germany H.A. Mooney, Stanford, USA E.-D. Schulze, Jena, Germany U. Sommer, Kiel, Germany For further volumes see list at the end of the book and: http://www.springer.com/series/86

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Christian Wiencke

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Kai Bischof

Editors

Seaweed Biology Novel Insights into Ecophysiology, Ecology and Utilization

Editors Christian Wiencke Department Seaweed Biology Section Functional Ecology Alfred Wegener Institute Am Handelshafen 12 27570 Bremerhaven Germany

Kai Bischof Marine Botany BREMARE, Bremen Marine Ecology, Centre for Research and Education University of Bremen Leobener Str. NW2 28359 Bremen Germany

ISSN 0070-8356 ISBN 978-3-642-28450-2 ISBN 978-3-642-28451-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-28451-9 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012939125 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

Two thirds of the world are covered by oceans, whose upper layer is inhabited by photoautotrophic organisms, known as algae. Within coastal ecosystems, marine seaweeds have been identified as a group of organisms of vital importance for ecosystem function. On ro