A novel freshwater cyanophage vB_MelS-Me-ZS1 infecting bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis elabens
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
A novel freshwater cyanophage vB_MelS-Me-ZS1 infecting bloomforming cyanobacterium Microcystis elabens Wei Lin1,2 · Dengfeng Li1 · Zhitong Sun1 · Yigang Tong2,3 · Xiaojun Yan1 · Chunlin Wang1 · Xianglilan Zhang2 · Guangqian Pei2 Received: 26 March 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Blooms of cyanobacteria cause enormous losses in both the economy and environment. Cyanophages are of great potential for fighting blooming cyanobacteria. Research report on cyanophage of bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis elabens is deficient. vB_MelS-Me-ZS1 (abbreviated as Me-ZS1) was isolated from fresh water by double-layer agar plate method using M. elabens. TEM exhibited that cyanosiphovirus Me-ZS1 has an icosahedral head about 60 nm in diameter, and a noncontractile tail approximately 260 nm. Experimental infection against 15 cyanobacterial strains showed that Me-ZS1 can infect 12 strains across taxonomic orders (Chroococcales, Nostocales and Oscillatoriales). High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis revealed that Me-ZS1 has a double-stranded DNA genome of 49,665 bp, with a G + C content of 58.22%, and 73 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). BLASTn and ORF comparisons showed that Me-ZS1 shares very low homology with the public sequences, and the phylogenetic tree based on TerL indicated that Me-ZS1 may delegate a novel and genetically distinct clade of Siphoviridae phages. In microcosm experiment, Me-ZS1 represented apparent effect on reducing relative abundance of cyanobacteria, increasing relative abundance of Saprospiraceae and protecting brocade carp (Carassius auratus) in cyanobacterial bloom water. This study isolated and characterized a novel broad-host-range Microcystis phage Me-ZS1 presenting a genetically distinct clade of freshwater cyanophage. The features of cyanophage Me-ZS1 provide a potential solution to the loss caused by cyanobacterial bloom. Keywords Cyanosiphovirus · Genome · Microcystis elabens · Broad host range · Algal bloom control · Brocade carp protection
W. Lin and D. Li contributed equally to this study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05876-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Dengfeng Li [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
2
State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, People’s Republic of China
3
College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
Abbreviations Me-ZS1 vB_MelS-Me-ZS1 TEM Transmission ElectronMicroscope RAST Rapid annotation using subsystem technology TerL Terminase large subunit TerS Terminase small subunitTerminase small subunit ResIII Type III restrictionenzyme QueE Queuosine biosynthesis QueE radical SAM QueC
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