Nucleic Acid Crystallography Methods and Protocols
This volume includes comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of all nucleic acid-specific steps used in X-ray crystallography, from macromolecule production to structure determination. Chapters dedicated to RNA preparation and crystallogenesis will be of in
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Eric Ennifar Editor
Nucleic Acid Crystallography Methods and Protocols
METHODS
IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Nucleic Acid Crystallography Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Eric Ennifar CNRS “Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN”, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France
Editor Eric Ennifar CNRS “Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN” Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire Strasbourg, France
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-2762-3 ISBN 978-1-4939-2763-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2763-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015941273 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a brand of Springer Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface Knowledge of three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules is essential for a complete understanding of their functions and interactions. X-ray crystallography is the most widely used technique in structural biology and can provide highly detailed structures of macromolecular molecules without any size limit. Among the 93,700 crystal structures that have been deposited to date (January 2015) in the Protein Data Bank, less than 1,600 are RNA- or DNA-only structures and about 4,800 protein/nucleic acid complexes. Consequently, biological X-ray crystallography has long been synonymous with protein crystallography, and most of the tools in macromolecular crystallography were primarily developed for protein structure determination. In the past two decades, considerable progresses have been made in nucleic acid crystallography, with improvements in n
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