Nutritional Genomics: The Wave of the Future for Nutrition and Dietetics
Nutritional genetics and genomics are of interest to health practitioners, physicians, nutrition scientists, dietitians, and nutritionists. Connected to lifestyle medicine, these emerging disciplines are part of a pioneering effort to integrate diverse fi
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Nutritional Genomics: The Wave of the Future for Nutrition and Dietetics Judith A. Gilbride and Bridget L. Wardley
Key Points • Sequencing the human genome created a need to know more about genetics and genomics as it applied to nutritional health and disease. • Dietitians and nutritionists already practice nutritional genomics for inborn errors of metabolism and other metabolic disorders. • The increase in genetic information since 2003 is beginning to guide food and nutrition information and offers promise for tailoring diets to individuals in the future. • Ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) of genetics and genomics need to be considered in research and practice. • Family pedigrees, teamwork, and genetic testing together with clinical evaluation will provide the evidence to alter practice until nutritional genomics research advances our knowledge base. • Dietetics training needs to strengthen nutritional genomics content throughout all levels of accredited dietetics education and credentialing exams. Keywords Nutritional genomics • Genetics education • Dietitian/nutritionists • Human Genome Project • Ethical legal and social issues
Introduction Nutritional genetics and genomics are of interest to health practitioners, physicians, nutrition scientists, dietitians, and nutritionists. Connected to lifestyle medicine, these emerging disciplines are part of a pioneering effort to integrate diverse fields and strengthen the evidence to lower disease risk and promote health for children and adults. Sparked by the mapping of the Human Genome in 2003, the potential of genetics and genomics to personalize and predict nutritional needs and dietary requirements is promising, yet progress is still in its formative stages. The public at large is interested in uncovering definitive predictions of health and disease risk based on genetic profiles. Knowing more
J.A. Gilbride, PhD, RDN, FAND (*) • B.L. Wardley, MS, RDN, CSP Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, New York University, 411 Lafayette Street, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10003, USA e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] J.M. Rippe (ed.), Nutrition in Lifestyle Medicine, Nutrition and Health, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-43027-0_6, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017
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J.A. Gilbride and B.L. Wardley
about genes, genotypes, and phenotypes may help individuals target their own health and disease trajectories. Moreover, increased information and excitement about disease susceptibility by consumers may help them pursue healthier lifestyles. In this chapter we present some of the history and background of genetics as it relates to nutritional genomics, provide the reader with insight into areas of practice that incorporate nutrigenomics, and highlight the needs for more integration of genetics and genomics into dietetic education at all levels. We do not provide a comprehensive review of the subject but have endeavored to clarify issues and direct the reader to other resources for more in-depth information. Nutritional genomics
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