Occurrence and uptake of heavy metals by selected terrestrial orchids in extreme conditions of initial soils on previous
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Occurrence and uptake of heavy metals by selected terrestrial orchids in extreme conditions of initial soils on previous mining sites Matúš Račko 1 & Daniel Ozdín 1 & Gabriela Kučerová 1 & Ľubomír Jurkovič 2 & Marek Vaculík 3,4 Received: 24 April 2020 / Accepted: 2 October 2020 # Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Orchidaceae are an endangered group of plants that grow also in anthropogenic environment on initial soils. We investigated the influence of heavy metals on the populations of the orchids Epipactis atrorubens and Platanthera bifolia (Pb-Zn deposit Jasenie Soviansko), E. atrorubens (Ni-Co deposit Dobšiná Dobrá nádej), Cephalanthera longifolia and Epipactis pontica (Fe deposit Sirk Železník). All three localities represent sites with different soil conditions and various composition of toxic elements, which might influence the bioavailability of toxic elements to plant tissues. On studied localities, soil metal(loid) concentration varies from 21 to 2095 ppm for As, from 24 to 20 551 for Pb, from 41 to 2077 for Zn, from 24 493 to 345 480 for Fe, from 988 to 19 008 ppm for Mn and from 26 to 2017 ppm for Cu, respectively. Platanthera bifolia grows on the Pb-Zn deposit at Jasenie on slightly alkaline soils (pH 7.81). Epipactis atrorubens grows on the Pb-Zn deposit Jasenie on almost neutral soils with pH 7.36 and in Ni-Co deposit Dobšiná on slightly alkaline soils with pH 7.73. Cephalanthera longifolia tolerates a weakly acidic soil reaction (pH 6.58) on the Fe deposit Sirk. E. pontica prefers on the Fe deposit Sirk acidic soil (pH 4.98). The bioconcentration factor values for plant taxa from these old mining deposits indicate the dominant physiological strategy of the excluders. In smaller quantities, these heavy metals penetrate into the above-ground parts of the orchids (Ni, Co, As in Epipactis atrorubens from Dobšiná) and Pb (Pb-Zn waste dump at the locality Jasenie). In particular, low translocation factor values indicate in many cases that heavy metals are accumulated in the root, except of Cu that was slightly translocated to the shoot. Keywords Bioconcentration factor . Heavy metals . Initial soils . Mining heaps . Orchidaceae . Translocation factor
Introduction Terrestrial orchids belong to the group of rare plants threatened by various factors, like soil acidification, extensive fertilisation or inappropriate soil management. On the other
* Marek Vaculík [email protected] Matúš Račko [email protected] 1
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia
2
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Geochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia
3
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava 842 15, Slovakia
4
Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 845 23
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