Ocular Surface, Meibomian Gland Alterations, and In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Characteristics of Corneas in Chronic Cigar
- PDF / 273,547 Bytes
- 7 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 41 Downloads / 145 Views
CORNEA
Ocular Surface, Meibomian Gland Alterations, and In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Characteristics of Corneas in Chronic Cigarette Smokers Abdullah Ağın 1
&
Sibel Kocabeyoğlu 2
&
Dilan Çolak 3
&
Murat İrkeç 2
Received: 1 August 2019 / Revised: 10 October 2019 / Accepted: 13 November 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the ocular surface, meibomian gland alterations, and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) parameters through correlation with nicotine dependency level (NDL) and duration of smoking (DS) in chronic smokers. Methods This cross-sectional study included 50 eyes of 50 chronic smokers, and 50 eyes of 50 age- and gender-matched healthy nonsmokers. To examine the ocular surface and tear film, corneal sensitivity (CS) measurement with Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer, tear film break-up time (TBUT), lissamine green (LG) staining, Schirmer I test with anesthesia, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire were performed consecutively. Basal epithelial cell, keratocyte, and endothelial cell density, the percentage of endothelial polymegethism/pleomorphism, and subbasal nerve plexus were evaluated using IVCM. Meibomian gland density was evaluated with a meibography unit. The Fagerström test was used to measure NDL, and DS was recorded. Results In the chronic smokers group, the basal epithelial cell density, anterior and posterior keratocytes, endothelial cell density, and long and total subbasal nerve numbers were lower, and LG staining, meiboscore, and OSDI scores were higher, compared with the control group, whereas other parameters were similar. The percentage of polymegethism was higher and the percentage of pleomorphism was lower in the chronic smokers group. In the correlation analysis, no significant relationship was found between the DS, NDL and ocular surface, and IVCM findings. Conclusion Decreased corneal basal epithelium, anterior and posterior keratocytes, endothelial cell density, meibomian gland density, and subbasal nerve numbers were found in chronic smokers. The results of the study show that smoking has an adverse effect on ocular surface parameters. Keywords Fagerström test . In vivo confocal microscopy . Meibography . Ocular surface . Smoking
Introduction Cigarette smoking is one of the most well-known causes of many preventable diseases including cancer, stroke, and ischemic heart disease. Cigarettes contain approximately 4000 active substances, most of which have harmful effects on the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neurovascular systems [1–3].
* Murat İrkeç [email protected] 1
Department of Ophthalmology, Patnos State Hospital, Ağrı, Turkey
2
Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
3
Department of Ophthalmology, Tunceli State Hospital, Tunceli, Turkey
Smoking has also been reported to be strongly associated with ophthalmological disorders such as age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, retinal vein occlusion, anterior ischemic optic neurop
Data Loading...
