Oleosins: A Short Allergy Review
In patients having a history of anaphylaxis after consumption of peanuts, sunflower seeds, or soy and skin or blood tests negative for the allergen extracts, oleosins could be the culprit. Oleosins are common and largely underestimated allergy inducers of
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Oleosins: A Short Allergy Review Emilia Majsiak, Magdalena Choina, Karolina Miśkiewicz, Zbigniew Doniec, and Ryszard Kurzawa
Abstract
soluble in aqueous solutions. The aqueous extraction, separation, and purification procedures do not guarantee their solubility. Oleosins dissolve only in the presence of detergents, which limits their use in both in vivo and in vitro allergy tests. Recently, a multiparameter allergy test that detects the allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) against oleosins has become available. This capability may help to unravel the presence of oleosin source during the routine diagnostic of allergy, which is conducive to assessing the risk for severe anaphylaxis and may also help to clarify the ambiguous allergy cases.
In patients having a history of anaphylaxis after consumption of peanuts, sunflower seeds, or soy and skin or blood tests negative for the allergen extracts, oleosins could be the culprit. Oleosins are common and largely underestimated allergy inducers of plant origin, causing severe allergy symptoms, including the anaphylactic shock. They are resistant to high temperatures and digestive enzymes. The consumption of heat-treated oleosins has been associated with a higher risk of a severe anaphylactic reaction. Recent studies have shown that oleosins could be a biomarker of the allergy severity to peanuts. Oleosins have a hydrophobic structure and thus, are poorly
Keywords
Allergy · Anaphylaxis · Biomaker · Diagnostic tests · Oleosin · sIgE
E. Majsiak (*) Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland Polish-Ukrainian Foundation of Medicine Development, Lublin, Poland e-mail: [email protected] M. Choina Polish-Ukrainian Foundation of Medicine Development, Lublin, Poland K. Miśkiewicz and Z. Doniec Department of Pneumonology of the National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Regional Branch in Rabka-Zdrój, Rabka-Zdrój, Poland R. Kurzawa Department of Allergology and Pneumonology of the National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Regional Branch in Rabka-Zdrój, Rabka-Zdrój, Poland
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Introduction
The consumption of peanuts, one of the most common allergen, may cause a severe anaphylactic reaction (Kleine-Tebbe and Jakob 2017). Allergy symptoms can be provoked by a minute quantity of peanuts (Blom et al. 2013). The early diagnosis of peanut allergy may prevent a severe anaphylactic reaction. Astonishingly, in some patients with symptoms and history of allergy to peanuts or other seeds like sesame and hazelnut, the skin prick test (SPT) and the identification of
E. Majsiak et al. Fig. 1 A scheme of an oleosome, oil droplet. Oleosins are the key proteins present in the membrane of an oil body
specific immunoglobulins E (sIgE) against allergen extracts may not firmly establish the sensitization (Ehlers et al. 2019; Schwager et al. 2017). Double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges are necessary in such cases. This type of examination is expensive and potentially dangerous for the patient, as it may result in
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