On the spore ornamentation of the microsoroid ferns (microsoroideae, polypodiaceae)
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REGULAR PAPER – TAXONOMY/PHYLOGENETICS/EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
On the spore ornamentation of the microsoroid ferns (microsoroideae, polypodiaceae) Chi‑Chuan Chen1 · Ho‑Yih Liu2 · Cheng‑Wei Chen3 · Harald Schneider4 · Jaakko Hyvönen1 Received: 19 June 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Microsoroideae is the third largest of the six subfamilies of Polypodiaceae, containing over 180 species. These ferns are widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World and Oceania. We documented the spore ornamentation and integrated these data into the latest phylogenetic hypotheses, including a sampling of 100 taxa representing each of 17 major lineages of microsoroid ferns. This enabled us to reconstruct the ancestral states of the spore morphology. The results show verrucate ornamentation as an ancestral state for Goniophlebieae and Lecanoptereae, globular for Microsoreae, and rugulate surface for Lepisoreae. In addition, spore ornamentation can be used to distinguish certain clades of the microsoroid ferns. Among all five tribes, Lecanoptereae show most diversity in spore surface ornamentation. Keywords Ancestral state reconstruction · Palynology · Phylogeny · Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Introduction The microsoroid ferns (Microsoroideae) are one of the largest subfamilies of Polypodiaceae, distributed mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. The generic classification of some genera nested in this lineage has been controversial, in particular the generic delimitation of Leptochilus Kaulf., Microsorum Link, and Phymatosorus Pic. Serm. that have been treated in previous taxonomic studies (e.g. Bosman 1991; Nooteboom 1997). The use of sequence-level data has further advanced studies on Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-020-01238-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jaakko Hyvönen [email protected] 1
Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center and Finnish Museum of Natural History (Botany), University of Helsinki, PO Box 7, 00100 Helsinki, FI, Finland
2
Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien‑hai Rd, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
3
Independent Researcher, Keelung 202, Taiwan
4
Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
the phylogeny of the microsoroid ferns (Chen et al. 2020; Kreier et al. 2008; Testo et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2010; Zhang et al. 2019; Zhao et al. 2019). Based on the latest classification (Chen et al. 2020; PPG I 2016; Testo et al. 2019; Zhang et al. 2020), there are 16 currently accepted genera: Bosmania Testo, Dendroconche Copel., Ellipinema Li Bing Zhang and Liang Zhang, Goniophlebium (Blume) C. Presl, Lecanopteris Reinw. ex Blume, Lemmaphyllum C. Presl, Lepidomicrosorium Ching and K.H.Shing, Lepisorus (J.Sm.) Ching, Leptochilus, Microsorum, Neocheiropteris H. Chris
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