Operational and yield performances and fuel-related CO 2 emissions under different tillage-sowing practices in a rainfed
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Operational and yield performances and fuel‑related CO2 emissions under different tillage‑sowing practices in a rainfed crop rotation Z. Gozubuyuk1 · U. Sahin2 · A. Celik3 Received: 13 January 2020 / Revised: 28 May 2020 / Accepted: 6 June 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract Improvement of tillage-sowing practices can be a practical way of sustainable and environmentally friendly production by decreasing fuel and CO2 emission and increasing yield in a rainfed crop rotation [Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz)—winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Bezostaja)—fallow] in semi-arid conditions. Therefore, conventional (CT), reduced-1 and 2, and no-tillage (NT) practices were tested with randomized block design as three replications. The highest fuel consumption (47.8 l ha−1) and human labor requirement (8.9 h ha−1) and the lowest equipment working effectiveness (0.17 ha h−1) were determined under CT. The NT practice manifested the best results with 3.5-fold fuel saving and 2.2-fold human labor saving as well as 7.8 times more operating area per unit time compared with CT. The highest weed infestation, seedling density and the shortest emergence time were determined in this practice. Vetch forage yield also was statistically higher in the NT practice. Conservation tillage logarithmically decreased CO2 emissions and the lowest value was determined in NT with 71.4% reduction compared with the CT value (137.4 kg CO2 ha−1). Specific CO2 emissions in NT were lower by 72.1% in vetch and 60.4% in wheat than the CT values. Therefore, NT practice could be recommended as the best practice for rainfed crop rotation in semi-arid regions. Keywords Conservation tillage · Conventional tillage · Fuel consumption · Seedling density · Vetch · Weed infestation · Wheat
Introduction The overall aim of tillage in agriculture is to create good seed–soil contact in topsoil, provide optimal conditions with respect to water, air, and heat budget for germination and root development, and to suppress weed infestation (Alamouti and Mohammadi 2015; Khaledian et al. 2014). Tillage depth of the equipment changes the degree of impact on the Editorial responsibility: Jing Chen. * U. Sahin [email protected] 1
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, East Anatolian Agricultural Research Institute, 25090 Erzurum, Turkey
2
Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
3
Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
physical properties of soil. Although a mouldboard plow used in conventional tillage practices can, under some conditions, provide protection from weed infestation (Calado et al. 2013), conventional tillage with a plow is one of the processes with high fuel consumption (Moitzi et al. 2014). Deeper tillage with a mouldboard plow is a significant reason for rising fuel consumption (Adewoyin 2013; Fathollahzade
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