Optimization, Characterization and In Vivo Hepatoprotective Effects of Gold Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Eryngium bun
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Optimization, Characterization and In Vivo Hepatoprotective Effects of Gold Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Eryngium bungei Boiss. Hydro‑Alcoholic Extract M. Fatemi1 · T. Shomali1 · S. Nazifi2 · M. Fazeli1 Received: 12 February 2020 / Accepted: 29 April 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study aimed to describe an efficient method for optimized synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) by using Eryngium bungei (EB) hydro-alcoholic extract and also to demonstrate its hepatoprotective activity in comparison with a chemically synthesized counterpart in a rat model of acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. To this end, various parameters were optimized in 12 trials to enhance the yield of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) synthesized at room temperature. The synthesized NPs were characterized by different methods. In hepatoprotective study, effect of pretreatment with these Au NPs at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg in comparison with chemically synthesized Au NPs was evaluated in rats with acetaminophen-induced liver injury. The optimal conditions were HAuCl4 at 1 mM, a reaction time of 4 h with 1:9 ratio of plant extract to HAuCl4 which yielded spherical NPs in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with a size of 53.8 nm in dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum of the Au NPs was relatively similar to the extract that indicated various types of functional groups. Pretreatment with Au NPs ameliorated acetaminophen-induced liver injury based on liver function tests. For oxidative stress parameters and pro inflammatory cytokines, the effect of green synthesized Au NPs was more profound than chemically synthesized NPs. In conclusion, the hydro-alcoholic extract from aerial parts of EB can be successfully used for synthesizing Au NPs. Green synthesized Au NPs show more profound anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects than their chemically synthesized counterpart in a rat model of acute liver injury. Keywords Gold nanoparticles · Green synthesis · Eryngium bungei · Liver injury · Rat
1 Introduction Nanotechnology has gained a niche in different fields of science and industry including biomedical and pharmaceutical arenas [1] as well as adsorption, catalysis, photocatalysis and microwave catalysis [2–5]. The synthesis of nanoparticles is routinely carried out by various chemical and physical methods. Due to the use of expensive and toxic reagents in such methods, green, ecofriendly techniques by using plant, fungi, bacteria, etc. are
* T. Shomali [email protected] 1
Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, P.O. Box: 71441‑69155, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2
becoming increasingly popular [6]. The plant bioactive compounds can reduce and stabilize metal ions to produce large quantities of nanoparticles in distinct sizes and shapes which may b
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