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RESEARCH PAPER

Optimization of hybrid microfluidic chip fabrication methods for biomedical application Sanja Kojić1   · Slobodan Birgermajer2   · Vasa Radonić2   · Ivana Podunavac2   · Jovana Jevremov1 · Bojan Petrović3   · Evgenija Marković4   · Goran M. Stojanović1  Received: 22 March 2020 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Microfluidic chips have become attractive devices with enormous potential for a wide range of applications. The optimal performances of microfluidic platforms cannot be achieved using a single fabrication technique. The method of obtaining the dominant characteristic of a microfluidic chip is to combine the best qualities of different technological processes and materials. In this paper, we propose a novel, cost-effective, hybrid microfluidic chip manufacturing technologies that combine 3D printing process and xurographic technique. The standard Y-mixer was 3D printed using thermoplastic polymers, while the enclosure of the channel was achieved using the PVC lamination foils. The influence of the fabrication parameters, materials and bonding layers on the channel dimensions, performances and durability in the process of chip realization have been analysed and tested. Optimized parameters have been established for 3D fabrication process. The potential application in biomedicine and material science has been demonstrated on the example with nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwire. Keywords  Microfluidic fabrication · 3D printing · Xurography · Optimization · Characterization · NiTi archwire

1 Introduction Microfluidics has entered in biomedicine as an innovative discipline that combines manufacturing technology of microminiaturized devices and the physics of fluid behavior on a sub-micron scale. Microfluidic devices could substitute and implement operations that require the expensive laboratory equipment, offering revolutionary new features for biomedical, microbiology, and microelectronics research and application (Sackmann et al. 2014; Yew et al. 2018; Shin et al. 2019; Pandey et al. 2018; Vidic et al. 2019; Shaegh et al. 2019). The possibility to implement different functions * Goran M. Stojanović [email protected] 1



Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, Blok F, 310A, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia

2



BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjica 1, III‑8, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia

3

Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia

4

School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Doktora Subotića 8, Belgrade 11000, Serbia



into one single microfluidic chip, such as DNA extraction, reagent storage, a system for fluid mixture, particle separator, and/or electronic detection system, has dramatically increased the attractiveness of microfluidics-based devices. These devices have extended the microfluidic concept into complex lab-on-a-chip (LOC) system for point-of-the care (POC) diagnostics (Shin et al. 2019; Pandey et al. 20