Optimization of Process Variables for Production of Beta-Glucanase by Aspergillus niger CCUG33991 in Solid-State Ferment
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Optimization of Process Variables for Production of Beta‑Glucanase by Aspergillus niger CCUG33991 in Solid‑State Fermentation Using Wheat Bran Masoumeh Heidary Vinche1 · Morteza Khanahmadi2 · Seyed Ahmad Ataei1 · Firoozeh Danafar1 Received: 29 February 2020 / Accepted: 13 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Purpose Wheat bran is an agricultural waste which can be used as a cost effective animal feed but existence of beta-glucan in it would cause some digestion problems. Beta 1,3–1,4 glucanase is a enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of beta-glucan to sub-units. In this study optimization of production of beta-glucanase by Aspergillus niger CCUG33991 strain with wheat bran as a cheap substrate by SSF and valorization of wheat bran were evaluated. Methods A two-step experimental design procedure was employed for screening and optimization of influencing factors on beta-glucanase production. Effects of six nutritional and environmental factors were investigated by PBD. To reach higher amounts of beta-glucanase, RSM was employed to optimize beta-glucanase production as a function of three of the most effective factors. Also structural analysis of fermented and unfermented wheat bran was done. Results The experimental value of enzyme activity was 121.6 Units per gram of dry substrate (U/gds) under the optimal conditions (temperature 33 °C, humidity 70% and incubation time 51 h). SEM and FTIR showed intensive fungal growth on wheat bran, and partial removal of lignin, phytic acid and hemicelluloses such as beta-glucan. Conclusion The study demonstrated the feasibility of wheat bran utilization in SSF using Aspergillus niger CCUG33991 toward the production of beta-glucanase and valorization of wheat bran as an animal feed. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Optimization · Aspergillus niger · Wheat bran · Beta 1,3–1,4 glucanase · Solid-state fermentation · Valorization Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Waste and Biomass Valorization
Abbreviations SSF Solid-state fermentation SmF Submerged fermentation PBD Plackett Burman design RSM Response surface methodology OFAT One factor at time SEM Scanning electron microscope FTIR Fourier transform infrared ANOVA Analysis of variance DNS Dinitrosalicylic acid CMCase Carboxymethyl cellulase FPase Filter paperase
Statement of Novelty In this study, optimization of beta-glucanase from wheat bran as a substrate and SSF by Aspergillus niger CCUG33991 was performed for the first time. Tremendous advantages of this method are easy and economic production of beta-glucanase because of using SSF as an easy method and wheat bran as a cheap substrate. Also unlike previous reports on production of beta-glucanase in this work production of this enzyme was done without any extra material. The obtained enzyme was further evaluated for additive to animal feed.
Introduction 1,3–1,4 β-d-glucan (here after mentioned as “beta-glucan”) is the major cell wall polysaccharide in the endosperm of cereal
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