Optimization of the Performance of Marine Diesel Engines to Minimize the Formation of SO x Emissions
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Optimization of the Performance of Marine Diesel Engines to Minimize the Formation of SOx Emissions Mina Tadros 1 & Manuel Ventura 1 & C. Guedes Soares 1 Received: 18 October 2019 / Accepted: 22 April 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Optimization procedures are required to minimize the amount of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions from marine engines. This study discusses the procedures to optimize the performance of any marine engine implemented in a 0D/1D numerical model in order to achieve lower values of exhaust emissions. From that point, an extension of previous simulation researches is presented to calculate the amount of SOx emissions from two marine diesel engines along their load diagrams based on the percentage of sulfur in the marine fuel used. The variations of SOx emissions are computed in g/kW·h and in parts per million (ppm) as functions of the optimized parameters: brake specific fuel consumption and the amount of air-fuel ratio respectively. Then, a surrogate model-based response surface methodology is used to generate polynomial equations to estimate the amount of SOx emissions as functions of engine speed and load. These developed non-dimensional equations can be further used directly to assess the value of SOx emissions for different percentages of sulfur of the selected or similar engines to be used in different marine applications. Keywords Marine diesel engine . Standard procedures . SOx emissions . Surrogate model . Response surface methodology
1 Introduction Shipping is the most fuel-efficient means of moving freight, where more than 70% of global freight task is to transport by ships. Most of them are powered using diesel engines, which are considered the most fuelefficient engines. They are installed in different types of ships ranging in size and application from small ships to large ocean-going vessels. These engines are Article Highlights • Optimization procedures are presented to optimize the performance of any marine engine. • SOx emissions are computed from two marine diesel engines along their load diagrams. • Generation of polynomial equations to estimate the amount of SOx emissions as functions of engine speed and load. • These developed non-dimensional equations can be further used directly to assess the value of SOx emissions of other engines. * Mina Tadros [email protected] 1
Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
operated using fuel either it is marine diesel oil (MDO) or heavy fuel oil (HFO), with a high level of sulfur for economical purposes. From 2000, strong restrictions are applied by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), to reduce the amount of sulfur oxides (SOx) emissions from ships (IMO 2017) to reach its lowest level by 2020 as shown in Figure 1 for both emission control areas (ECAs) and non-ECAs as demonstrated in Figure 2. An
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