Preparation optimization of flour-derived porous carbon and its application in Si/C anode materials
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Preparation optimization of flour-derived porous carbon and its application in Si/C anode materials Li Yongjia 1 & Ruhui Xu 2 & Runhong Wei 2 & Hui Zhang 3 & Qianwen Wang 2 & Yaochun Yao 2 Received: 1 June 2020 / Revised: 6 July 2020 / Accepted: 22 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Through a shape-preserving carbonization process and a further activation process, the natural porous flour was carbonized to obtain flour-derived porous carbon (FPC) with abundant pores, and FPC was applied to silicon-porous carbon anode material and its electrochemical performance was evaluated. The results show that the optimal holding temperature of preparing FPC is 750 °C, and the optimal mass ratio amount of KOH/pre-C is 2. After 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, the reversible capacity of FPC is only 291 mAh g−1, while the reversible capacities of 30%-Si/FPC composite and 100%-Si are 771.34 mAh g−1 and 1241 mAh g−1, respectively. Although 30%-Si/FPC composite displays only 62% of 100%-Si’s capacity, it shows good cycle stability, reduces the amount of nano silicon material and the application cost in lithium-ion batteries, and improves the utilization efficiency of nano silicon material. The application of flour-derived porous carbon will promote the development of Si/C anode materials. Keywords Natural flour . Biomass porous carbon . Silicon/carbon anode material . Lithium-ion batteries
Introduction With the progress of society, renewable green resources become more and more popular. Biomass materials are environmentally friendly renewable resources. Biomass materials refer to biological organisms produced under photosynthesis, which is ubiquitous in nature, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. Its wide source, low price, and environmental protection and renewable characteristics make it a bright application prospect [1]. Biomass porous carbon derives from biomass materials which have high carbon contents. Plants have the highest
* Ruhui Xu [email protected] * Yaochun Yao [email protected] 1
School of Metallurgy and Mining, Kunming Metallurgy College, Kunming 650033, Yunnan Province, China
2
Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Battery and Materials of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan Province, China
3
Material and Architecture College, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
efficiency in photosynthesis process. Photosynthesis products are part of the plant’s body which can provide biomass materials such as cellulose, sucrose, polysaccharides, and lignin. Therefore, plants are the best raw materials for preparing porous carbon [2]. Biomass porous carbon has a threedimensional structure with well-developed pores. It has a large specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, and strong electrochemical stability. Biomass porous carbon has been widely used in lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, dual-ion batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, lithium-sulfur batteries
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