Optimization techniques for analog and RF circuit designs: an overview
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Optimization techniques for analog and RF circuit designs: an overview Lida Kouhalvandi1
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Osman Ceylan2
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Serdar Ozoguz1
Received: 17 February 2020 / Revised: 5 October 2020 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Optimizations have gained much consideration from the researchers working in the domains of analog and radio frequency (RF), recently. Dealing with highly nonlinear behavior of active components and aiming to meet design specifications are common issues in all nonlinear circuit designs. As a consequence and accordingly, many studies have been conducted on diverse optimization methods and algorithms for tackling the design problems and meeting optimal solutions with high accuracy. The main purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive and systematic literature review for the optimization approaches applied by the researchers for designing various analog and microwave circuits. We focus on considering the existing optimization methods from the newly published optimization methods in the last decade. Thus, this study can guide and enlighten complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor analog and RF microwave circuit designers to consider optimization methods commonly used in both areas and to expand conventional performance figures used in their area. Keywords Optimization algorithms CMOS analog circuits RF microwave designs
1 Introduction Analog and radio frequency (RF) mixed-signal circuits could be very challenging and sophisticated designs due to the sensitivity of the performance figures to the used transistors [1, 2]. Simulation, modeling, layout generation,
This work was supported by Istanbul Technical University the Scientific Research Projects Unit Under Grant No. MDK2019-41968. This paper is an expanded version of a paper entitled ‘‘A Review on Optimization Methods for Designing RF Power Amplifiers’’ from the IEEE ELECO International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bursa, Turkey, November 28-30, 2019. & Lida Kouhalvandi [email protected] Osman Ceylan [email protected] Serdar Ozoguz [email protected] 1
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
2
Maury Microwave, Ontario, CA 91764, USA
and verification of complex designs are becoming more and more complicated [3] due to the nonlinear behavior of active devices such as high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). To tackle these problems, advanced optimization methods shed light on developing computer-aided design (CAD) tools to find solutions for demanding specifications and trade-offs [4]. The design process must be more productive, cost-effective, and error-free to achieve reliability and stability [5]. Electronic design automation (EDA) tools, such as Keysight ADS, Cadence, NI AWR, Orcad, TCAD, and Pspice are used in analog and RF design flows. Most of the simulation and analysis tools have integrated optimization options to solve difficult design problems or fine tuning. Howe
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