Origin and fate of dissolved organic matter in four shallow Baltic Sea estuaries
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Origin and fate of dissolved organic matter in four shallow Baltic Sea estuaries Maren Voss . Eero Asmala . Ines Bartl . Jacob Carstensen . Daniel J. Conley . Joachim W. Dippner . Christoph Humborg . Kaarina Lukkari . Jolita Petkuviene . Heather Reader . Colin Stedmon . Irma Vybernaite-Lubiene . Nicola Wannicke . Mindaugas Zilius
Received: 19 March 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Coastal waters have strong gradients in dissolved organic matter (DOM) quantity and characteristics, originating from terrestrial inputs and autochthonous production. Enclosed seas with high freshwater input therefore experience high DOM concentrations and gradients from freshwater sources to more saline waters. The brackish Baltic Sea experiences such salinity gradients from east to west and from river mouths to the open sea. Furthermore, the catchment areas of the Baltic Sea are very diverse Responsible Editor: Robert W. Howarth. This paper is an invited contribution to the 35th Anniversary Special Issue, edited by Sujay Kaushal, Robert Howarth, and Kate Lajtha.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-020-00703-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. Voss (&) I. Bartl J. W. Dippner N. Wannicke Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemu¨nde, Germany e-mail: [email protected] E. Asmala Tva¨rminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland
and vary from sparsely populated northern areas to densely populated southern zones. Coastal systems vary from enclosed or open bays, estuaries, fjords, archipelagos and lagoons where the residence time of DOM at these sites varies and may control the extent to which organic matter is biologically, chemically or physically modified or simply diluted with transport off-shore. Data of DOM with simultaneous measurements of dissolved organic (DO) nitrogen (N), carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) across a range of contrasting coastal systems are scarce. Here we present data from ¨ re estuaries and the Roskilde Fjord, Vistula and O Curonian Lagoon; four coastal systems with large differences in salinity, nutrient concentrations, freshwater inflow and catchment characteristics. The C:N:P ratios of DOM of our data, despite high variability, show site specific significant differences resulting largely from differences residence time. Microbial
D. J. Conley Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden C. Humborg ¨ stersjo¨centrum, Stockholm, Stockholms Universitets O Sweden K. Lukkari Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, Agnes Sjo¨bergin katu 2, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
J. Carstensen Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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Biogeochemistry
processes seemed to have minor effects, and only in ¨ re spring did uptake of DON in the Vistula and O estuaries take place and not at the other sites or seasons. Resuspension from se
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