Ornamental plants adapted to urban ecosystem pollution: lawn grasses and painted daisy tolerating copper
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Ornamental plants adapted to urban ecosystem pollution: lawn grasses and painted daisy tolerating copper Evgeny Aleksandrovich Gladkov 1
&
Ilina Igorevna Tashlieva 1
&
Olga Victorovna Gladkova 2
Received: 13 June 2020 / Accepted: 26 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Lawns and flower are major aesthetical and environmental elements of the urban ecosystem. However, harsh urban conditions such as pollution by heavy metals are unfavorable for plants. For example, copper is toxic for ornamental plants, limiting the spread of lawn grass and flowering plants. Therefore, here we hypothesized that plants could be adapted to urban conditions by breeding. We first showed the possibility of using environmental biotechnology in urban greening to obtain, tolerating copper flowering plants and lawn grasses. We tested the adaptation of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) and painted daisy (Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousb.) to сopper. We measured Cu resistance in the next generations of those plant species. Results show that some next generations of plant regenerants have increased resistance up to 100 mg/kg Cu for Agrostis stolonifera, and up to 30 mg/kg for Chrysanthemum carinatum. Our findings thus imply that city plants may be adapted and improved by сell selection. Our approach thus represents a novel biotechnology consisting of adapting plants to pollution by сell selection. Keywords Cell selection . Lawn grass . Agrostis stolonifera . Chrysanthemum carinatum . Pollutant . Copper . Urban ecosystem
Introduction Lawns and flower are major aesthetical and environmental elements of cities. Objectives and environmental conditions determine the choice of plants for lawns. For example, Agrostis stolonifera L. forms the highest quality lawn. Meadow grasses are popular too; they contain annual flowering grasses, for Part of the work was done at the Department of Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology, Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering (earlier Moscow State University of Environmental Engineering), which is currently reorganized. Responsible Editor: Elena Maestri * Evgeny Aleksandrovich Gladkov [email protected] * Ilina Igorevna Tashlieva [email protected] * Olga Victorovna Gladkova [email protected] 1
К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow 127276, Russia
2
Independent scientist, Prospekt Mira, 181, Moscow, Russia
example, Chrysanthemum carinatum, Linum perenne, Brachycome Iberidifolia, Bellis perennis, Centaurea cyanus, and Calendula officinalis. Chrysanthemum carinatum is also used to create beautiful flower gardens in urban gardening. Urban conditions are unfavorable for plants (Tsvetkova 2003). For example, green spaces in Moscow are degraded by 70–80% (Tsvetkova 2003). According to reports on the state of the environment in the city of Moscow, only 32% of the lawns were solid grass (Report 2013 2014; Report 2011 2012; Report 2017 2018). Soils in urban environments can be hi
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