Oxidative stress and diabetes: antioxidative strategies
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REVIEW
Oxidative stress and diabetes: antioxidative strategies Pengju Zhang1, Tao Li1, Xingyun Wu1, Edouard C. Nice2, Canhua Huang (
✉)1, Yuanyuan Zhang (✉)1
1
Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
© Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Diabetes mellitus is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Considerable recent evidence suggests that the cellular reduction–oxidation (redox) imbalance leads to oxidative stress and subsequent occurrence and development of diabetes and related complications by regulating certain signaling pathways involved in β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Reactive oxide species (ROS) can also directly oxidize certain proteins (defined as redox modification) involved in the diabetes process. There are a number of potential problems in the clinical application of antioxidant therapies including poor solubility, storage instability and nonselectivity of antioxidants. Novel antioxidant delivery systems may overcome pharmacokinetic and stability problem and improve the selectivity of scavenging ROS. We have therefore focused on the role of oxidative stress and antioxidative therapies in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Precise therapeutic interventions against ROS and downstream targets are now possible and provide important new insights into the treatment of diabetes. Keywords
diabetes; oxidative stress; redox modification; antioxidative therapy; novel antioxidant delivery
Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from decreased insulin secretion or insulin resistance, which leaves the body incapable of responding fully to insulin. The worldwide diabetes mellitus epidemic affected 425 million people in 2017, and the number of people with diabetes is expected to increase to 629 million by 2045 (International Diabetes Federation, 2017). There are three widely accepted major forms of diabetes including type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), among which T2DM accounts for approximately 90% of all cases of diabetes [1–3]. In addition, there are other less common types including monogenic diabetes, an inherited form of diabetes [4], and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD). CFRD is a unique type of diabetes that is common in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). If not well managed, all cases of diabetes may develop diabetic complications which are the major causes of high mortality and disability. Increasing studies suggest that oxidative stress plays a
Received July 21, 2019; accepted October 29, 2019 Correspondence: Canhua Huang, [email protected]; Yuanyuan Zhang, [email protected]
pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes. Oxidative stress was observed in experimental diabet
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