Patterning of Cells on Bioresist for Tissue Engineering Applications
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AA5.29.1
Patterning of Cells on Bioresist for Tissue Engineering Applications Yusif Umar1, Muthiah Thiyagarajan1, Craig Halberstadt2, K. E. Gonsalves1* Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 2 Department of General Surgery Research, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28232 * Corresponding author: email address: [email protected] (K.E.Gonsalves) 1
INTRODUCTION
Engineering functional tissues and organs successfully depends on the ability to control cell orientation and distribution. Materials used for such purposes therefore have to be designed to facilitate cell distribution and eventually guide tissue regeneration in 3D. The field of tissue engineering hinges on developing degradable polymeric scaffolds that promote cell proliferation and expression of desired physiological behaviors through careful control of the polymer surface. The development of materials for tissue engineering and guided tissue regeneration has accelerated over the last decade.[1] It has been demonstrated that non-patterned cells are effectively not tissue. “Tissues require that cells be placed and hold precise places often with precise orientations” [2-3]. Cell patterning is therefore very important for tissue engineering. We have developed a biocompatible, biostable chemically amplified bioresist, with which patterns are generated without involving harsh chemical treatment. Combinatorial approach of polymer synthesis can be used to increase the number of available polymeric materials for any application and also to study the correlation s between polymer structures, material properties, and function [4]. In this paper, we present a combinatorial approach for the synthesis, characterization and cell patterning using the copolymers, 3-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-N-Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidone-coMethyl Methacrylate poly(MMA-co- t-BOC-NVP) and tert-butyl methacrylate-co- N-vinyl-2pyrrolidone poly(t-BMA-co-NVP) in different compositions using free radical polymerization. Due to its hydrophilic and good biocompatibility character, N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone was used in the above polymer systems. EXPERIMENTAL Materials. Reagents used for monomer and polymer synthesis were obtained from Acros and/or Aldrich. Dissopropylamine and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were dried over sodium metal overnight using benzophenone as an indicator and distilled prior to use. NVinyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NVP) was dried over molecular sieves overnight and vacuum distilled prior to use.N, N’-Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was purified by recrystallization from methanol. Triphenyl sulfonium hexafluoroantimonate (TPSHA), was used as a photo acid generators (PAG) for resist formulation. A 50 wt% TPSHA in PGME solution was purchased from Polysciences. Other reagents were of pure grade and used as received.
AA5.29.2
Synthesis of t-BOC-NVP. 3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (t-BOC-NVP) was synthesized according to the literature [6]. N-butyl lithium (40 mL, 0.100 mol, 2.5 M solution in hexane) was added dropwise to diisopropylamine (1
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