Perfluorocarbon-based nanomedicine: emerging strategy for diagnosis and treatment of diseases
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Prospective Article
Perfluorocarbon-based nanomedicine: emerging strategy for diagnosis and treatment of diseases Tingbin Zhang, Qian Zhang, Jian-Hua Tian, and Jin-Feng Xing, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People’s Republic of China Weisheng Guo and Xing-Jie Liang, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China Address all correspondence to Weisheng Guo, Jin-Feng Xing and Xing-Jie Liang at [email protected], [email protected] and [email protected] (Received 23 January 2018; accepted 21 March 2018)
Abstract Nanotechnology has been considered as a promising strategy for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. However, the stability and circulation times of the conventional nano-carriers, such as liposomes and micelles, are still unsatisfied. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are biologic inert synthetic materials, which are highly hydrophobic and have a tendency to self-aggregation. Additionally, PFCs themselves can act as 19F magnetic resonance imaging agents and oxygen carriers. Thus, the construction of the fluorinated carriers will not only improve the stability of the carriers, but also endow them with additional functions. Here we review the recent advances of PFC-based nanosystems for diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Introduction Nanomedicine strategies for diagnosis and treatment of human diseases are of growing interest in recent years, owing to their unique and appealing properties, such as prolonged circulation lifetimes, reduced side effects of the drugs.[1,2] Until now, various nanoparticles (NPs) platforms have been developed including liposomes, micelles, dendrimers, gold, silica, and other inorganic NPs, etc.[3] Although some of the NPs have been used in clinical trials, few of them have been proved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for diagnosis or treatment of human diseases so far.[3,4] One of the main barriers stems from the safety problems of the materials and undesirable therapeutic efficiencies.[5] Therefore, it is highly desired to develop safer and more effective NP platforms. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) show biologic inertness and low toxicity even at high doses.[6] In contrast to the hydrocarbons, PFCs are more hydrophobic as well as capable of dissolving oxygen, detection and diagnosis of diseases by 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).[7] In addition, PFCs are also lipophobic and have a strong tendency to self-aggregation regardless of the solvent polarity.[8] Initially, the PFCs were mostly fabricated as the oxygen carriers because of their superior oxygen-dissolving capability.[9,10] They thereby have been widely explored for lung injury, emergency transfusion, and traumatic brain injury.[11] Due to the extremely favorable nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) properties and virtual absence in the human body of fluorine, the PFCs c
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