Perioperative Inflammation as Triggering Origin of Metastasis Development

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erioperative Inflammation as Triggering Origin of Metastasis Development

Perioperative Inflammation as Triggering Origin of Metastasis Development

Michael W. Retsky  •  Romano Demicheli Editors

Perioperative Inflammation as Triggering Origin of Metastasis Development

Editors Michael W. Retsky Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston, MA, USA University College London London, UK

Romano Demicheli Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano Fondazione IRCCS Milan, Italy

ISBN 978-3-319-57942-9    ISBN 978-3-319-57943-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-57943-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017943514 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Foreword

The trajectory of modern cancer research has changed dramatically over the past four decades. The beginning of this time period can be demarcated with some precision—the publication by Varmus, Bishop and colleagues in 1976 that demonstrated that normal genes residing within our genome, proto-oncogenes, have the potential to be corrupted and become genetic agents that actively drive neoplastic cell growth, the oncogenes. This discovery led to a massive effort to document these genes during the following decades. By now, we are aware of more than 50 commonly occurring genes that can be documented, when in altered form, to function as oncogenes as well as an even larger cohort of genes that work in the opposite direction, the so-called tumour suppressor genes. Oncogenes become hyperactive in the genomes of cancer cells, whereas the growth-constraining actions of tumour suppressor genes are lost during tumour pathogenesis. These discoveries led t