Perspectives on the Feasibility of Using Enzymes for Pharmaceutical Removal in Wastewater
This particular chapter spotlights the growing environmental concerns and hazardous consequences of numerous organic contaminants so-called emerging contaminants (ECs). These ECs are being detected, though in different quantities, in different environment
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ntents 1 Introduction 2 Remediation of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds by Crude/Purified Enzymes 2.1 Lignin Peroxidase: Catalytic Features and Pharmaceutical Degradation 2.2 Manganese Peroxidase: Catalytic Features and Pharmaceutical Degradation 2.3 Soybean Peroxidase and Chloroperoxidase: Catalytic Features and Pharmaceutical Degradation 2.4 Horseradish Peroxidase: Catalytic Features and Pharmaceutical Degradation 2.5 Laccases: Catalytic Features and Pharmaceutical Degradation 3 Enzyme Immobilization, Techniques, and Unique Advantages 4 Immobilized Peroxidases for Removal of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds 5 Immobilized Laccases for Removal of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds 6 Concluding Remarks and Outlook References
Abstract This particular chapter spotlights the growing environmental concerns and hazardous consequences of numerous organic contaminants so-called emerging
M. Bilal School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China e-mail: [email protected] H. M. N. Iqbal (*) Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, NL, Mexico e-mail: hafi[email protected] D. Barceló Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEACSIC, Barcelona, Spain Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China e-mail: [email protected] Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz, Paqui Blánquez Cano and Montserrat Sarrà Adroguer (eds.), Removal and Degradation of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Wastewater Treatment, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_661, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
M. Bilal et al.
contaminants (ECs). These ECs are being detected, though in different quantities, in different environmental matrices and wastewater treatment systems. With everincreasing awareness, people are now more concerned about the wide-spread distribution of pharmaceutically related active compounds in water matrices. In turn, the free flow of ECs in water matrices poses notable adverse effects on human, aquatic animals, and naturally occurring plants, even at very small concentrations. Due to inadequacies and ineffectiveness of, in practice, physical and chemical-based remediation processes, robust treatment approaches, such as microorganisms and their novel enzyme-based degradation/removal of ECs, are of supreme interest. This chapter focuses on various pharmaceutically related ECs and their efficient mitigation from water matrices. Following a brief introduction, the focus is given to two main treatment approaches, i.e., (1) remediation of pharmaceutically active compounds by crude (pristine) and purified enzymes (i.e., lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, soybean peroxidase, horseradish peroxidase, and laccases) and (2) immobilized enzyme-assisted degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds. Keywords Biocatalysis, Biological risks, Enzymes, Hazardous compounds, Toxicity, Wastewater treatment
1 Introduction A continuous rise in worldwide p
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