Pharmacogenomic Studies of Current Antidiabetic Agents and Potential New Drug Targets for Precision Medicine of Diabetes
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REVIEW
Pharmacogenomic Studies of Current Antidiabetic Agents and Potential New Drug Targets for Precision Medicine of Diabetes Zhiwei Zeng . Shi-Ying Huang . Tao Sun
Received: July 22, 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
ABSTRACT Diabetes is a major threat to people’s health and has become a burden worldwide. Current drugs for diabetes have limitations, such as different drug responses among individuals, failure to achieve glycemic control, and adverse effects. Exploring more effective therapeutic strategies for patients with diabetes is crucial. Currently pharmacogenomics has provided potential for individualized drug therapy based on genetic and genomic information of patients, and has made precision medicine possible. Responses and adverse effects to antidiabetic drugs are
significantly associated with gene polymorphisms in patients. Many new targets for diabetes also have been discovered and developed, and even entered clinical trial phases. This review summarizes pharmacogenomic evidence of some current antidiabetic agents applied in clinical settings, and highlights potential drugs with new targets for diabetes, which represent a more effective treatment in the future.
Keywords: Diabetes; New targets; Pharmacogenomics; Precision medicine
DIGITAL FEATURES This article is published with digital features to facilitate understanding of the article. You can access the digital features on the article’s associated Figshare page. To view digital features for this article go to https://doi.org/10.6084/m9. figshare.12854816. Digital Features To view digital features for this article go to https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12854816. Z. Zeng T. Sun (&) Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China e-mail: [email protected] S.-Y. Huang College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
Diabetes Ther
Key Summary Points The number of patients with diabetes is increasing and diabetes has become a threat to people’s health, but current drugs for diabetes have limitations. It is crucial to explore more effective therapeutic strategies for diabetes. Pharmacogenomics of current antidiabetic agents has provided potential for individualized drug therapy and drugs with new targets for diabetes have potential advantages, hopefully leading to an effective treatment of diabetes. Investigating pharmacogenomics of current antidiabetic drugs in greater depth, accumulating definite clinical evidence, and developing more drugs according to new targets for diabetes are necessary in the future.
INTRODUCTION Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disease caused by insufficient insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. It can be divided into six types: type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), hybrid forms of diabetes, other specific types, unclassified diabetes, and hyperglycemia first detected during pregnancy [1]. People with diabetes are at a higher risk of clinical complications such as cardiovascular disease, retinopat
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