Phosphonates and SAR-trigger elicitors reducing the intensity of white mold in common bean
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Phosphonates and SAR‑trigger elicitors reducing the intensity of white mold in common bean Adonis Lopes Tonoli1 · Breno Benvindo dos Anjos1 · Leônidas Leoni Belan5 · Guilherme de Resende Camara1 · Leonardo Humberto Silva e Castro3 · Jéssica Priscila Pereira4 · Paulo Cezar Cavatte2 · André da Silva Xavier1 · Willian Bucker Moraes1 Received: 8 May 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 © Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft 2020
Abstract White mold caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the main common bean diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphonates and elicitors in reducing the severity of white mold. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with six treatments and six replications in a split-plot, where each experimental plot consisted of one bean plant. The treatments were acibenzolar-S-methyl—ASM (500 g L−1) 0.25 g L−1, chitosan (85% deacetylation) 50 mg L−1, fluazinam (500 g L−1) 120 g L−1, copper phosphite (275 g L−1) 250 g L−1, and copper ethylphosphonate (20% P2O5 + 1.75% S + 3.5% Cu) 5 mL L−1 and control. Inoculation was performed 28 DAS, and assessment of disease severity was conducted 8 days after inoculation (DAI) using a grade scale. The parameters evaluated were photosystem II (PSII) quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and total chlorophyll content 3, 6, and 9 days after application (DAA) of the chemicals and 3, 6, and 8 DAI. Statistical analyses were performed using R Statistical Software. The phytosanitary chemicals herein evaluated promoted lower intensity of S. sclerotiorum infection in common bean plants compared to the control. No decrease in chlorophyll content was observed, but there was a reduction in Fv/Fm values in inoculated plants compared with uninoculated plants caused by S. sclerotiorum infection, which resulted in damage to the photochemical step of photosynthesis. In this sense, the tested phosphonates and elicitors, especially ASM and copper ethylphosphonate, enhanced protection and reduced disease severity. Keywords Sclerotinia sclerotiorum · Plant disease · Photosynthesis
Introduction * Willian Bucker Moraes [email protected] 1
Department of Agronomy, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo UFES, Alegre, ES 29500‑000, Brazil
2
Department of Biology, Center for Exact, Natural and Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES, Alegre, ES 29500‑000, Brazil
3
PhD Student in Genetics and Breeding, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES, Alegre, ES 29500‑000, Brazil
4
PhD Student in Plant Biology, Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES, Vitória, ES 29075‑910, Brazil
5
Department of Agronomy, State University of Maranhão Tocantine Region – UEMASUL, Imperatriz, MA 65900‑000, Brazil
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crop is widespread throughout Brazil. The country is the largest world producer of beans, which is cultivated on approximately three million hectares.
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