Phosphorus Fertilizer Reapplication on Sugarcane Ratoon: Opportunities and Challenges for Improvements in Nutrient Effic
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SHORT COMMUNICATION
Phosphorus Fertilizer Reapplication on Sugarcane Ratoon: Opportunities and Challenges for Improvements in Nutrient Efficiency Fernando C. Bachiega Zambrosi1
Received: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 Ó Society for Sugar Research & Promotion 2020
Abstract As impaired phosphorus (P) acquisition by sugarcane plants contributes to compromise ratoon longevity, an improved understanding of the role played by P fertilizer reapplication on ameliorating such a limiting condition is critical for sustainable biomass production. A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of contrasting P supply on the performance of third and fourth ratoons. Three rates were tested (30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1 of P2O5), in addition to a control without P fertilizer, following evaluation of plant nutritional status, stalk yield, P uptake and fertilizer recovery efficiency. The results revealed that the effects of nutrient reapplication on the studied parameters did not depend on the growing cycle. Therefore, on average of third and fourth ratoons, the maximum stalk yield (75.5 ton ha-1), that was 21.3% greater than the control, was achieved with 54.4 kg ha-1 of P2O5. Furthermore, P fertilization increased leaf P concentration and P uptake, which showed a positive relationship with crop productivity. Fertilizer recovery efficiency did not depend on P rate and ratoon cycle, with an averaged value of 23.1%. Our results revealed the critical role played by improvements of P uptake on ratoon performance. There is an urgent need of augmenting fertilizer recovery efficiency in order to contribute with a more rational input of resources in sugarcane fields. Keywords Biomass Fertilizer efficiency Nutritional stress Saccharum spp. Sustainability
& Fernando C. Bachiega Zambrosi [email protected] 1
Centro de Solos e Recursos Ambientais, Instituto Agronoˆmico (IAC), P.O. Box 28, Campinas, SP 13012-970, Brazil
Introduction A continuous adjustment in fertilization management practices remains an essential issue for reaching a more appropriate combination of agricultural exploration with environmental sustainability (Manschadi et al. 2014; Shrivastava et al. 2015). In the case of the sugarcane agroindustry, as cumulative yield of the ratoons influences the achievement of profitable feedstock production (Ramburan et al. 2013; Yadav et al. 2019), the establishment of proper scheme of phosphorus (P) fertilization might play a critical role in accomplishing such an objective (Gopalasundaram et al. 2011). This notion is, indeed, supported by the fact that low-P availability is a phenomenon of widespread occurrence in soils cultivated with sugarcane (Landell et al. 2003), and the excessive use of P fertilizers might not be a long-term sustainable solution to ameliorate this limitation on crop productivity (Soltangheisi et al. 2019). In addition, there are evidences from field observations that P deficiency stress could impact the cumulative biomass production through its direct influence on ratoon longevity
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