Photodegradation of Emerging Contaminant 2-(tiocyanomethylthio) Benzothiazole (TCMTB) in Aqueous Solution: Kinetics and
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Photodegradation of Emerging Contaminant 2-(tiocyanomethylthio) Benzothiazole (TCMTB) in Aqueous Solution: Kinetics and Transformation Products Crislaine Bertoldi1,2 · Aline de Cássia Campos Pena1 · Alexsandro Dallegrave2 · Andreia N. Fernandes2 · Mariliz Gutterres1 Received: 27 November 2019 / Accepted: 25 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Direct photolysis of the emerging contaminant 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole (TMCTB) was performed in aqueous solution at different concentrations with high-pressure mercury lamp (5.0, 8.0, 13.0, 16.0, 20.0, 23.0, 27.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, − 1). TCMTB underwent rapid degradation and 50.0 mg L − 1) and with natural sunlight radiation (6.0, 30.0, and 60.0 mg L by direct photolysis with a high-pressure mercury lamp in aqueous solutions, with 99% removal after 30 min at all concentrations studied. For sunlight photolysis, TCMTB degradation was observed with 96%, 81%, and 64% removal for initial concentrations of 6.0, 30.0, and 60.0 mg L− 1, respectively, after 7 h of exposure to sunlight. The degradation of TCMTB in lab-scale wastewater had kinetic constant and t 1/2 in the same order when compared to the photodegradation of TCMTB in aqueous solutions. In addition, the results showed that photolysis with a high-pressure mercury lamp and sunlight were governed by the same kinetic order, however the kinetic parameters showed that degradation with sunlight was 40 times slower than photolysis with the mercury lamp. Twelve transformation products (TP) were identified, and eight of the TP have not been described in the literature. Furthermore, prediction of toxicity with ECOSAR software was carried out for fish, daphnids, and green algae species. It showed that photolytic treatment is efficient for reducing the toxicity of the compound, since the degradation formed compounds with lower toxicity than the primary compound. In conclusion, this study suggests that photolysis is an efficient way to remove the studied contaminant, and it highlights the potential of this technique for the degradation of emerging contaminants in industrial wastewater treatment plants. Keywords Emerging contaminant · Sunlight photolysis · Transformation products
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02954-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Crislaine Bertoldi [email protected] * Andreia N. Fernandes [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Leather and Environmental Studies (LACOURO), Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Luiz Englert s/n°, 90040‑ 040 Porto Alegre, Brazil
Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, n° 9500, 91501‑970 Porto Alegre, Brazil
2
2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole (TMCTB) is an antimicrobial compound that is extensively used for leather preservation in industry to slow or stop the gro
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