Phylogenetic characterization of marine microbial biofilms associated with mammal bones in temperate and polar areas
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Phylogenetic characterization of marine microbial biofilms associated with mammal bones in temperate and polar areas Sergi Taboada 1,2,3
&
Maria Bas 4,5 & Conxita Avila 5,6 & Ana Riesgo 2,3
Received: 19 October 2019 / Revised: 4 May 2020 / Accepted: 6 May 2020 # Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung 2020
Abstract Mammal bones sustain rich chemoautotrophic microbial communities that are consumed by a range of marine invertebrates, with bacteria playing a fundamental role making the organic matter retained in the bones available to other organisms. Our major aim here is to characterize the phylogenetic diversity of bacteria associated with Mediterranean shallow-water bones (whale, pig, and cow) examined at two different times after colonization, and compare it to bacterial communities developing on whale bones in the Southern Ocean. We sequenced 16S amplicons for approximately 50 clones from each of the 5 bone samples studied here, resulting in 215 OTUs. Our preliminary microbial community analysis resulted into two groups. Cluster 1 with cow and whale bones from the Mediterranean (3 months) and whale bones from the Southern Ocean (1 year), characterized by abundant Epsilonproteobacteria, usually the first colonizers in anaerobic environments. Cluster 2 with Mediterranean cow (9 months) and pig bones (12 months), characterized by abundant Thiotrichales. Among the Thiotrichales, two different species of Beggiatoa spp. appeared in two different bones in the Mediterranean samples, indicating that Beggiatoa spp. can occur in the same area. Our work confirms that microbial mats associated with mammal bones in the shallow waters of the Mediterranean and the Southern Ocean are highly diverse with a predominance of Gamma- and Epsilon-proteobacteria. Keywords Phylogeny . Beggiatoa . Thiotricales . Oceanospirillales . Epsilon-proteobacteria . Desulfuromonadales
Introduction Communicated by A. J. Gooday Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01082-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Sergi Taboada [email protected] 1
Departamento de Biología (Zoología), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
2
Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum of London (NHM), Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
3
Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Apdo. 20, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
4
Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina
5
Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
6
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Science, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
When whales die, huge pulses of organic matter are transmitted to an otherwise food-limited seabed, becoming highly productive habitats where particular marine macrofaunal communities develop (Smith and Baco 2003). Once wh
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