Phytochemical properties of black tea ( Camellia sinensis ) and rooibos tea ( Aspalathus linearis ); and their modulator
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Phytochemical properties of black tea (Camellia sinensis) and rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis); and their modulatory effects on key hyperglycaemic processes and oxidative stress Xin Xiao1 • Ochuko L. Erukainure1,3 Md. Shahidul Islam1
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Olakunle Sanni1 • Neil A. Koorbanally2
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Revised: 1 March 2020 / Accepted: 23 April 2020 Ó Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2020
Abstract The comparative phytochemicals, antioxidative and antidiabetic activities of Camellia sinensis (black tea) and Aspalathus linearis (rooibos tea) were studied in vitro and ex vivo. Concentrated infusions of the teas showed significant free radical scavenging activities in vitro. They significantly increased the glutathione level, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities in oxidative hepatic injury, while concomitantly depleting malondialdehyde level. The teas significantly inhibited intestinal glucose absorption and a-amylase activities, and elevated muscle glucose uptake. LCMS phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of hydroxycaffeic acid, l-threonate, caffeine, vanillic acid, n-acetylvaline, and spinacetin 3-glucoside in C. sinensis. While quinolinic acid, coumestrol, phloroglucinol, 8-hydroxyquercetagetin, umbelliferone, and ajoene were identified in A. linearis. These results portray the antioxidant and antidiabetic potencies of both teas, with A. linearis showed better activity compared to C. sinensis. These teas may thus be used as functional foods in the management of diabetes and other oxidative stress related metabolic disorders.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04471-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Md. Shahidul Islam [email protected] 1
Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
2
School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZuluNatal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
3
Department of Pharmacology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
Keywords Antioxidants Antidiabetics Black tea Rooibos tea Type 2 diabetes
Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most endemic of all metabolic diseases, as it was reported to affect over 425 million people in 2017 (IDF 2018). This depicts a 2.4% rise in prevalence from 415 million in 2015 (IDF 2016) and it is expected to increase by 48% to 629 million in 2045, with an upsurge of 156% expected for Africa (IDF 2018). Diabetes mellitus is characterized by increased blood glucose level (hyperglycemia) owing to disorder in the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and lipids (Erukainure et al. 2013), which is caused by failure of the pancreatic bcell to secrete insulin, and/or failure of the cells to use the secreted insulin (Erukainure et al. 2018a, b, c). The former is referred to as type 1 diabetes (T1D), while the latter is often referred to as type 2 diabetes (T
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