Phytochemicals and biological studies on Cycas revoluta Thunb.: a review
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REVIEW
Phytochemicals and biological studies on Cycas revoluta Thunb.: a review Vinit Prakash1 · Harpreet Kaur1 · Anjana Kumari1 · Manoj Kumar1 · Ritu Bala2 · Sumeet Gupta3 Received: 7 January 2020 / Accepted: 20 September 2020 © Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University 2020
Abstract This review article on Cycas revoluta mainly comprehensively summarizes characterization, morphology, distribution, traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and biological activities of isolated individual constituents as well as plant extract. Cycas revoluta is commonly known as Sago palm which belongs to gymnosperm species, cycadaceae family and has been used as a traditional medicine to cure blood vomiting, flatulence, skin diseases, hypertension, gastrointestinal distress, cough, blood pressure, hair growth, astringent, diuretic, snake bite, dressing wounds, swollen glands and stomach purifying. Its phytochemical analysis have been revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, non-protein amino acids, fatty acids, benzenoids, terpenes, amino acids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, sterols, esters and steroids. The chemical constituents and crude extracts exhibit biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antileishmanial, anticancer and many more. Graphic abstract
Keywords Cycas revoluta · Flavonoids · Non-protein amino acids · Antimicrobial · Cytotoxic
Introduction * Vinit Prakash [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, M.M. University, Sadopur‑Ambala 134007, Haryana, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
3
M.M. College of Pharmacy, M.M. University, Mullana 133203, Haryana, India
Plants are one of the major kingdom of natural living things on the earth which are consists of leaves, seeds, stems, flowers, fruits, roots, bark etc. These may be in the form of trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers or creepers and have broad spectrum of uses like medicines, food, oxygen, clothing, agriculture, industries, water quality and many more (Fernando 2012; Usman et al. 2014). These are also known to produce essential foods like carbohydrates, fats, proteins,
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minerals salts, organic acids, and vitamins etc. which are required for human health care (Fernando 2012). All over the World, ~ 3,00,000 plant species are present (Palhares et al. 2015) but only 21,000 plant species are known to have the high potential ability of Unani, Ayurveda and Siddha traditional medicines (Vijisaral and Subramanian 2013; Khan 2016). According to World Health Organization more than 80% developing countries population depends on the natural plant products as a traditional medicines for their primary healthcare needs (Jeychandran et al. 2010; Dash et al. 2018). The demands for medicinal plants are increasing all over the world due to the growing recognition. The traditional medicines as compare to synthetic medicines have less side effects and are lesser toxic, pharmacologically active, cost effective and easier to use for human
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