Phytoplankton of the St. Anna Trough: Influence of Abiotic Factors
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NE BIOLOGY
Phytoplankton of the St. Anna Trough: Influence of Abiotic Factors V. M. Sergeevaa, *, I. N. Sukhanovaa, M. V. Flinta, A. A. Poluhina, V. V. Kremenetskiya, A. V. Fedorova, E. G. Sakharovab, E. U. Georgievac, E. K. Langea, and S. A. Shchukaa aShirshov
Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia c Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, Russia *e-mail: [email protected] bPapanin
Received November 20, 2018; revised March 11, 2020; accepted April 8, 2020
Abstract—Samples were collected in the area of the St. Anna Trough in the northern Kara Sea in September 2015 and July–August 2016. Based on salinity and temperature distribution, four areas have been distinguished: the shelf adjacent to the St. Anna Trough, the shelf edge, and the upper and lower parts of the continental slope. The variability of the structure of phytoplankton communities has been analyzed in view of environmental conditions in the distinguished areas. It is shown that changes in the species structure of phytoplankton are more associated with seasonal reorganization in the community than with the effect of river runoff and waters of the Barents Sea and Atlantic. In the shelf area, the presence of Barents Sea winter water led to an increase in the number of species of early spring diatoms and an increase in the abundance of early and late spring diatoms. An increase in the abundance and biomass of phytoplankton and changes in their vertical distribution in mid-July–early August occurred against the effect of Barents Sea and Atlantic waters on the area and desalination of the upper layer under the effect of river runoff in early September. Keywords: Kara Sea, St. Anna Trough, shelf, continental slope, hydrophysical conditions, phytoplankton, community structure, seasonal succession, spatial variability DOI: 10.1134/S0001437020040207
INTRODUCTION Studies of biological processes in the area of the continental slope of the Arctic seas are of great interest, due to the high productivity of the region and diversity of biotopic conditions in a relatively small area that occurs from the interaction of waters of different origin [13, 28]. In the St. Anna Trough, the interaction of desalinated shelf waters of the Kara Sea, transformation of Atlantic and Barents Sea waters, and an intensive near slope current forms a complex system of biotopes in the latitudinal direction at a distance less than 200 km, separated by well-expressed frontal zones [1, 2]. It has been shown in previous studies that in different years, at the end of the growth season (second half of September) in the western and eastern channels of the St. Anna Trough, a significant increase in abundance and biomass of up to 1.5–3 times was recorded in zones of the maximum horizontal gradients of the hydrophysical characteristics in frontal zones [6, 9]. In a prior season, at the end of August, studies were performed only in th
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