Role of abiotic factors on disease progression of Spot blotch of Wheat
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Role of abiotic factors on disease progression of Spot blotch of Wheat Sanju Tamang1 · Satish Kumar2 · Srikanta Das1 · Sunita Mahapatra1 Received: 1 June 2020 / Revised: 11 September 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 © Indian Phytopathological Society 2020
Abstract Spot blotch of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana appears at all growth stages, though susceptibility increases with increase in plant age. Every year disease causes high yield losses even up to 60% depending on the wheat variety and weather factors. The cultivation of wheat in North Eastern Plains Zone (NEPZ) of India is increasing, but the crop yield is low due to warm and humid climate which increase diseases like spot blotch. Considering significant impact of the spot blotch on crop yield, an experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 to evaluate the effect of different abiotic factors on spread of the disease, as well as development of a predictive model to predict the disease severity in a set of 12 wheat varieties. Statistical analysis proved that all the thermic variables like temperature (maximum and minimum) and soil temperature are significantly correlated with diseases initiation across growth stages of the crop. Step-wise regression showed high R 2 values like, 0.99, 0.97, 0.96, 0.96, 0.98, 0.96, 0.99, 0.98, 0.96, 0.98, 0.98, 0.98 for the predicative model of spot blotch in PBW 343, HD 2733, PBW154, Raj4015, KALYAN SONA, SONALIKA, LERMA RAJO, DBW39, UP301, HD2009, NP114, NP718 respectively. Keywords Abiotic factors · Disease progression · Plant growth stage · Prediction model · Spot blotch · Wheat
Introduction The year 2019 India witnessed an outstanding output in food grain production where wheat contributes 36% of share with an annual estimated wheat production of 103.60 million tons from 29.32 million hectare registering an all-time highest crop productivity of 3533 kg/ha (Annual Report 2019). Increase in production of wheat as compared to last year was marginal, and it may also to attribute to percentage decline in acreage. In NEPZ the area under wheat cultivation was restricted as in some areas of West Bengal, wheat holiday was observed to avoid occurrence of wheat blast disease which was reported from the neighboring country (ICAR-IIWBR 2018). The wheat scenario in NEPZ of India is in stressed condition due to higher intensity of spot blotch which further adds to yield losses depending on the selection of cultivars and weather factors. Spot blotch is one of * Sunita Mahapatra [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra KrishiViswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia 741252, India
Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley, Karnal 132001, India
2
the destructive fungal diseases that affects wheat and several other small grains worldwide. In the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, on-farm studies indicated crop losses up to 16% in Nepal and 15% in Bangladesh. Grain yield losses between 20 and 80% have been re
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