Influence of abiotic factors on the infestation dynamics of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius 1889) in cotton and its
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Influence of abiotic factors on the infestation dynamics of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius 1889) in cotton and its management strategies in North-Western India Mandeep Pathania 1
&
Arti Verma 1 & Manpreet Singh 1 & Parshotam Kumar Arora 1 & Nirmaljeet Kaur 2
Received: 13 December 2019 / Accepted: 28 April 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract Bemisia tabaci is the most destructive insect of cotton worldwide. We analysed infestation dynamics of B. tabaci in cotton during summers of 2015–2017, and predicted the factors influencing its abundance. The incidence of B. tabaci on cotton was exceptionally high in 2015 (25.91 ± 2.14 adults/3 leaves) as compared to 2016 (9.53 ± 1.23 adults/3 leaves) and 2017 (8.54 ± 1.12 adults/3 leaves). Minimum temperature, maximum-minimum relative humidity and rainfall influencing the B. tabaci population build-up were predicted using PCRA technique with reasonable accuracy (R2 = 0.87). The results also showed that monitoring/ sampling of B. tabaci in cotton should be done before 10:00 h. Among different cotton cultivars, Ankur 3028 and Bioseed 6588 were most susceptible to B. tabaci infestation. Bemisia tabaci incidence in cotton interferes with the secondary metabolite production in different cultivars. Pesticides tested for management of B. tabaci gave a maximum population reduction ranging from 42.91 to 77.01% 7 days after spray. The efficacy of tested pesticides persisted up to 10 days after spray. Maximum control of B. tabaci was achieved by flonicamid > clothianidin > diafenthiuron > dinotefuran > thiamethoxam, whereas, ethion was found least effective. Pyriproxyfen have nymphicidal action and provided maximum reduction (68.62%) in whitefly population after 10 days of spray. Keywords Cotton . whitefly . population dynamics . metabolites . management . insecticides
Introduction Cotton plays a significant role in India’s economy as the textile industry is primarily cotton based contributing around 5% to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP), 14% to Highlights • Abiotic factors played significant role in predicting the dynamics of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) to much extent. • Monitoring of B. tabaci in cotton fields should be done before 10: 00 hours. • Differences in crop conditions affect the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and B. tabaci incidence in cotton cultivars. • Flonicamid, clothianidin, diafenthiuron, dinotefuran and pyriproxyfen are effective in controlling B. tabaci. * Mandeep Pathania [email protected] 1
Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Abohar, Punjab 152116, India
2
Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
industrial production and 11% to total exports earnings (Anonymous 2017a). India ranks first in cotton production with 38.41% and 26% of the total world production and area, respectively (Anonymous 2017b). In Punjab, cotton is grown as a major cash crop in the summer season and because of luxuriant growth, hot and humid weather prevalent during the season,
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