Responses of phytoplankton functional groups to environmental factors in the Pearl River, South China
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CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS AND WATER ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION
Responses of phytoplankton functional groups to environmental factors in the Pearl River, South China Shengxing Long 1,2 & Ting Zhang 1 & Jingjing Fan 3 & Can Li 1 & Kangning Xiong 2 Received: 4 August 2019 / Accepted: 5 March 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The variations of phytoplankton functional groups and their correlation with environmental factors, as well as the applicability of phytoplankton functional groups to serve as biological water quality indicator in the Pearl River, South China, were studied in the present study. A total of 96 samples were collected and divided into 21 functional groups from September 2016 to July 2017. The phytoplankton functional groups P and G were dominant during the investigation, and their biomass contributing was ranged 0.06 to 89.07%, the average 30.73%, and ranged 1.47 to 62.40%, the average 9.33% of the total biomass, respectively. The results showed environmental estrogens—BPA (bisphenol A), E2 (17β-estradiol), E1 (estrone), 4-t-OP (4-tert-octylphenol), 4-NP (nonylphenol), TCS (triclosan), and TCC (triclocarban)—in the Pearl River were significantly different, and with average values of 269.30 ng L−1, 2.76 ng L−1, 4.24 ng L−1, 53.68 ng L−1, 952.72 ng L−1, 16.79 ng L−1, and 8.61 ng L−1, respectively. This was likely responsible for the differences in the phytoplankton functional groups. We observed positive correlations between P and A, and G and J. Functional groups P biomass decreased significantly with functional groups LM increased, and functional groups M and J with X2. We found positive correlations between functional group G and concentrations of E1 and TCC; functional group A and total nitrogen (TN), 4-NP, 4-t-OP, and E2; functional groups LM and L1 and total suspended particles, BPA, and TCS; and functional group G and negative total phosphorus (TP), pH, and TCS. The study showed that TN, TP, and the environmental estrogens in the aquatic ecosystems were correlation with phytoplankton functional groups type, and affected the ecological balance in aquatic environments. Keywords Phytoplankton functional group . Phytoplankton community . Environmental estrogen . Pearl River
Shengxing Long and Ting Zhang contributed to the work equally and should be regarded as co-first authors.
Introduction
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Suspended in the water column, phytoplankton—the primary producers of aquatic ecosystems—contain chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis, converting inorganic to organic materials for consumption by other organisms (Reynolds 1984). Phytoplankton composition, biomass, and photosynthetic capacity will thus directly affect the distribution characteristics of top consumers. Early studies of phytoplankton focused on species identification, density, individual size, and morphology, which are important for understanding phytoplankton circulation in ecosystems (Yoshiyama and Nakajima 2002). Phytoplankton have focused on the particle size structur
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