Pollution Control Technology
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Despite this strong incentive, elimination or recycling of some of the wastes cannot yet be As described in the previous chapter, profachieved due to prohibitive costs or technology itability in today's global marketplace challenges yet to be solved. When this was last demands that companies minimize wastes estimated ~n 1991,** it was projected that by both in the form of discharges to surfac~ 1995 envuonmental regulations would be water, groundwater, and air, and generation of costing the United States $50 billion annually solid wastes sent to landfills. In addition to for water pollution control, $30 billion annuthe valuable raw materials lost, the cost of ally for air pollution control, and $35 billion disposing of these wastes in compliance with annually for land and groundwater pollution the protective state and federal regulatory control. This is not surprising since environprograms in place for the new millennium is mental problems have spawned 50 categorical high. Furthermore, the cost of remediation of industrial wastewater standards, and 186 catereleases from wastes inadequately treated and gorical industrial air emission standards, some disposed prior to these regulations has conof which are still being completed. t EPA also vinced many companies that they must build has issued standards regulating virtually all consideration of waste management costs into of the 40 million tons of hazardous waste !he design of their products and manufacturdisposed each year. mg processes. INTRODUCTION
*The author is an employee of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The article does not represent the views of EPA or the U.S. government. **~a~i~nal Aca~emy of Public Administration, Setting
Pno:1ties, Gettmg Results A New Direction for the Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC,
May 1995. tData only exist in EPA Website@ www.epa.gov.ttn/atw/ socatlst/socatpg.htrnl & www.epa.gov.waterscience/guide Ri~gel
sHandbook ofIndustrial Chemistry, 1Oth Edition
Edited by Kent. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York 2003
FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS
There are currently 17 key federal environmental protection laws related to the proper management of industrial wastewater, solid/ hazardous waste and potentially hazardous materials. Table 3.1 provides a list of these laws their objectives, and the primary federal agenc; 27
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RIEGEL'S HANDBOOK OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY
TABLE 3.1 Summary of Key Federal Environmental Laws and Lead Agencies Related to Management of Industrial Wastewater, Solid/Hazardous Waste, and Potentially Hazardous Materials Objective
Water pollution control
Hazardous/solid waste control
Air pollution control Promoting pollution prevention Emergency planning/activities disclosure Management of risk from toxic chemicals
Impact of federal government on the environment
Federal Law
Clean Water Act (CWA) Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
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