Review of scientific technology-based solutions for vehicular pollution control
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REVIEW
Review of scientific technology‑based solutions for vehicular pollution control Sunil Gulia1 · Rahul Tiwari1 · Saurabh Mendiratta1 · Satinder Kaur2 · S. K. Goyal1 · Rakesh Kumar3 Received: 12 May 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Numerous management strategies are implemented for the improvement in urban air quality worldwide, including control at tailpipe emissions. Control at the source is one of the best practices for pollution control, but this approach needs very stringent enforcement, public support, and monitoring for implementation. Besides, scientific processes-based technology to remove the pollutants from the ambient environment is also one of the approaches to improve air quality; however, high efficiency of such devices is one of the major challenges for the researchers. The present article is an attempt to review the state-of-the-art literature on such science-based technologies used to remove the pollutants from the ambient environment. The article highlighted the issues of high spatiotemporal variations in air pollution level in urban areas and methodologies available for the removal of pollutants. The efficiency of developed prototypes/devices using these processes is also compared worldwide. The technologies are available for particulate matter, and/or for gaseous pollutants. The air purification devices are designed and developed using scientific principles of bio-filtration, ionization, phytoremediation, photo-catalytic, and physical filtration. Based on the literature, it is found that ionization and physical filtration can remove particulate matter in the range of 61–95% and ~ 70%, respectively, while phytoremediation can remove in the range of 24–40%. The phytoremediation can remove N Ox in the range of 10–15%. The efficiency of devices varies as pollution load and particle size distribution pattern varies. It is suggested that such control devices would be very useful in the reduction in air pollution at the hot spot area having high spatiotemporal variations. Graphic abstract
Keywords Pollution control strategies · Urban air quality · Particulate matter · Air pollution control technology · Air purification device
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Introduction Despite numerous research on different aspects of air pollution, including assessment, forecasting, and management, the problem of elevated pollution levels still persists globally, especially in low- and medium-income countries, LMIC (Gulia et al. 2020; Khalid et al. 2018). Air quality managers are still facing challenges in tackling the increasing air pollution in cities due to multiple, complex, and heterogeneous sources having huge variations in emission levels. The uneven distribution of sources in the city creates hot spot areas in terms of high air pollution, which needs special attention at the local level (Gokhale and Khare 2007). For example, variations in traffic movement duri
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