Populus alba tolerates and efficiently removes caffeine and zinc excesses using an organ allocation strategy
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Populus alba tolerates and efficiently removes caffeine and zinc excesses using an organ allocation strategy Francesca Vannucchi1 · Silvia Traversari1 · Andrea Raffaelli2 · Alessandra Francini1 · Luca Sebastiani1 Received: 12 May 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 / Published online: 17 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Mixed inorganic and organic contaminations are one of the main challenges in phytoremediation, due to the higher complexity derived by pollutant interactions and the increase of phytotoxicity. The cultivation of fast-growing poplars for removing contaminants from water could be a low-cost and flexible choice. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of a poplar species (Populus alba ‘Villafranca’ clone) to irrigation with water contaminated with zinc (Zn) and caffeine (CFN). Poplars were maintained in hydroponic and exposed to four different treatments (Control, CFN, Zn and Zn + CFN) over 7 days. Poplar showed a good tolerance to Zn and CFN treatments, without any symptom of phytotoxicity. However, the type of treatment affected the contaminant dynamics in the plant-water system and a pollutant partitioning was observed among organs, with a higher accumulation of Zn in root (472 ± 128.7 mg k g− 1 DW) and CFN in shoot (30 ± 4.5 µg g − 1 FW). Under mixed condition, the CFN uptake significantly increased in root (+ 40%) and stem (+ 28%) while the Zn concentration decreased in leaves (-19%). A focus on the potential role of natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMPs) in divalent metal transport has been performed. A down-regulation of NRAMP1.3 was detected in roots of plants exposed to CFN treatment in relation to an increase of Mn concentration. Data confirmed the suitability of Populus alba for the remediation of multi contaminated water. Keywords Caffeine · Multi contamination · Nutrient · NRAMP · Populus alba ‘Villafranca’ clone · Zinc
Introduction Mixed inorganic and organic contamination in aquatic systems is an issue of increasing concern, due to its negative impact on living organisms and human health; therefore, the identification of suitable remediation techniques is a main scientific challenge (Schwarzenbach et al. 2006). Particularly, heavy metals (HMs) and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are among the most widespread anthropogenic compounds detected in aquatic Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00664-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Alessandra Francini [email protected] 1
BioLabs, Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
CNR- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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environment (Bartrons and Peñuelas 2017; Meena et al. 2018). The persistence of HMs is related to their continuous emission from different anthropogenic sources as well as to their accumulation into living organ
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