Post-Translational Modifications in Health and Disease
Post-translational modifications serve many different purposes in a wide variety of cellular processes,such as protein synthesis, folding, stability, the housing of prosthetic groups, vesicular trafficking,protein targeting to particular cell stores, exoc
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Cecilio J. Vidal Editor
Post-Translational Modifications in Health and Disease
Editor Cecilio J. Vidal Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A Campus Universitario de Espinardo Murcia Spain [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4419-6381-9 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-6382-6 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6382-6 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010937213 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
When I was invited to edit this volume on posttranslational modifications (PTM) of proteins in health and disease, and after nearly 30 years of uninterrupted teaching of molecular biology of the cell and signal transduction phenomena, I knew the challenge that awaited me, considering the enormous variety of PTM that proteins can undergo, their tremendous importance for normal cell biology, and their requirement for keeping tissues in a healthy state. Nevertheless, I decided to accept the invitation as a means of learning from experts what I try to teach to my students. Although the first step in protein diversification occurs at the transcriptional level, by mRNA splicing, the PTM of proteins at one or more sites is the way by which the number of protein variants in cells is greatly increased, so that their quantity exceeds by two to three times the number of proteins predicted by the DNA coding capacities of cells. More than 500 human protein kinases, 150 protein phosphatases and 500 proteases are engaged in protein modifications; about 5% of our genetic material encodes enzymes that intervene in PTM of proteins, and at least 1% encodes enzymes involved in the glycosylation process. Posttranslational modifications serve many different purposes in a wide variety of cellular processes, such as protein synthesis, folding, stability, the housing of prosthetic groups, vesicular trafficking, protein targeting to particular cell stores, exocytosis and endocytosis, the biogenesis of cell organelles and basal lamina, as well as signal transduction with functional effects for enzyme regulation and metabolic control on the one hand, and for gene expression, cell division, differentiation a
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