Precise Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Behavior
This review provides a summary of the main concepts employed to prepare nanoparticles (NPs) and clusters encapsulated by dendrimers, their catalytic applications, and interesting research and trends in this field. Dendrimers not only serve as synthesis te
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Precise Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Behavior Makoto Tanabe and Kimihisa Yamamoto
Contents 1 Introduction 2 Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) Dendrimers 3 Poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) Dendrimers 4 Click (Triazolyl) Dendrimers 5 Polybenzyl Ethers (Fréchet-Type) Dendrimer 6 Dendritic Poly(phenylazomethnine) (DPA) 7 Bimetallic and Multimetallic Catalysts Within Dendrimers 8 Conclusion References
Abstract This review provides a summary of the main concepts employed to prepare nanoparticles (NPs) and clusters encapsulated by dendrimers, their catalytic applications, and interesting research and trends in this field. Dendrimers not only serve as synthesis templates for the preparation of NPs but also stabilize the NPs against leaching and aggregation, which makes it possible to tune the functionality of the peripheral groups and bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyses. In particular, π-conjugated dendrimers, referred to as dendritic poly (phenylazomethine)s (DPA), are regarded as reactors for synthesizing sub-nanoscale clusters with atomic-level precision, even using different elements. This new synthesis technology has significant potentials for enabling enhanced activity, selectivity, and stability of catalysts.
M. Tanabe and K. Yamamoto (*) Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science (CLS), Institute of Innovative Research (IIR), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan ERATO-JST Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan e-mail: [email protected]
M. Tanabe and K. Yamamoto
Keywords Catalysts · Dendrimers · Nanoparticles · Oxidation · Supramolecular chemistry
Abbreviations AAC CNT DEN DPA DSN EDS EWG GCE GMC NCD NPs ORR PAMAM PPI PyTPM STEM TEG TOF TON TPM
Alkyne-azide cycloaddition Carbon nanotube Dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles Dendritic poly(phenylazomethine) Dendrimer-stabilized nanoparticles Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Electron-withdrawing groups Glassy carbon electrodes Graphitized mesoporous carbon Nanoparticle-cored dendrimers Nanoparticles Oxygen reduction reaction Poly(amidoamine) Poly(propyleneimine) Pyridoxine(triphenylene)methane Scanning transmission electron microscope Triethylene glycol Turnover frequency Turnover number Tetraphenylmethane
1 Introduction The advanced science and technology of catalysis is particularly important for overcoming the economic and environmental issues in our present society. Research in the 1990s, which revealed the surprising activity of Au nanoparticles (NPs), largely investigated novel catalytic materials on the nanoscale with properties different from their bulk counterparts [1]. Nanotechnology has since fascinated many researchers in fields of science such as catalysis, organic chemistry, surface science, molecular biology, semiconductor physics, etc. Interesting catalytic features of NPs have been revealed year by year, so that the number of publications on catalysis using NPs has exponentially increased. The NPs used in catalysis have been synthesized with thermodynamic sta
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