Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Plants and Their Applications
Nanobiotechnology defines applications of biosystems to produce novel functional materials. Production of metal nanoparticles is increasing to develop innovative technologies. There are various techniques to characterize the synthesized silver nanoparticl
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Asra Parveen and Srinath Rao
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology defines applications of biosystems to produce novel functional materials. Production of metal nanoparticles is increasing to develop innovative technologies. There are various techniques to characterize the synthesized silver nanoparticles. UV-Vis spectroscopy is used for absorbance pattern, X-ray diffraction reveals crystalline nature with FCC geometry with mean particle size, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is for chemical compositions associated with NPs, and transmission electron microscopy is used to determine the shape of the NPs. AgNPs are one of the important materials having wide applications in optoelectronic devices, biosensors, and catalysis. Application of silver nanoparticles depends on the different charges, chemical composition, size, and shape. There are various methods to synthesize AgNPs. Keeping in view of synthesis and applications of AgNPs, a brief study of available literature for biosynthesis method and practices of silver nanoparticles has been reviewed. Keywords
Nanobiotechnology • Metal NPs • Characterization techniques • Silver nanoparticles • Applications
A. Parveen • S. Rao (*) Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gulbarga University, Kalburgi 585106, Karnataka, India e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 M. Anis, N. Ahmad (eds.), Plant Tissue Culture: Propagation, Conservation and Crop Improvement, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1917-3_19
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A. Parveen and S. Rao
Introduction
Bionanoscience and bionanotechnology is an interdisciplinary area of research that works with the integration of chemistry, materials science, biology, medicine, and engineering. However, bionanotechnology has appeared as a combination of biotechnology and nanotechnology to develop biological synthesized nanomaterial as environmentally friendly. Nowadays, the use of nanoparticles is gaining because of their distinct biological, optical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Similarly, nanobiotechnology follows the principles and techniques of nanoscale and realizes the transformation of biosystems (living or nonliving). Nanotechnology industry has increasing market value of many billions of US dollars (Aitken et al. 2006) and would grow up to 3 trillion US dollars by 2018 (Global Industry Analysts 2008; Woodrow Wilson 2009). Nanoparticles have two broad groups, namely, organic and inorganic NPs. Organic nanoparticles include carbon nanoparticles (fullerenes), and inorganic nanoparticles include magnetic, noble metal (gold and silver) NPs, and semiconductor NPs (titanium dioxide and zinc oxide). The Lycurgus Cup of the fourth century AD (Fig. 19.1) is a good example which appears green in reflected and red in transmitted light due to the presence of colloidal gold and silver (Turkevich 1985). The color changes as the cup contains 50 and 100 nanometers of AuNPs and AgNPs in the glass. Nanotechnology is gaining importance since the twenty-first century to
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