Preparation and application of epoxidized natural rubber from Artocarpus heterophyllus gum
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Preparation and application of epoxidized natural rubber from Artocarpus heterophyllus gum Nguyen Thu Ha1 · Tran Ngoc Anh1 · Tran Thi Thuy1 · Seiichi Kawahara2 · Toshiaki Ougizawa3 Received: 30 March 2020 / Revised: 31 August 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Epoxidized jackfruit gum (EJG) was prepared and characterized. An attempt to prepare a solid polymer electrolyte from EJG was made. The characterizations of epoxidized jackfruit gum were carried out through FT-IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, nitrogen content determination, water uptake determination and ion exchange capacity. The ion conductivity, differential scanning calorimetry, and SEM images of the blends of EJG and LiClO4 were characterized. The results indicated the epoxy group content of the sample achieved 95 mol% after 3 h of the epoxidation. During the epoxidation, the nitrogen content reduced, whereas the phospholipid content of the samples did not change. The molecular weight of samples reduced during the epoxidation. The ion conductivity of EJG/ LiClO4/epoxidized natural rubber was improved, i.e. in order of 10−4 S/cm which was attributed to the presence of epoxy group in EJG. The liquid crystal may form in EJG/LiClO4 blends. These phenomena may suggest the strong interaction between epoxy group in EJG and LiClO4. Keywords Jackfruit gum · Epoxidation · Structural characterization · Polymer solid electrolyte
* Nguyen Thu Ha [email protected] 1
School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No.1 Dai Co Viet street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam
2
Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata‑ken 940‑2188, Japan
3
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro City, Tokyo 152‑8550, Japan
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Polymer Bulletin
Introduction An increasing amount of attention has been paid to application of polymer in electricity such as conducts or solid polymer electrolytes (SPE), because polymer used to be considered as insulators of electricity. For instance, materials based on polyaniline were used for electrochromic devices, secondary batteries, integrated circuits, and so forth [1, 2]. Polyethylene oxide, epoxidized natural rubber was widely studied to be a SPE thanks to its complexation behavior with some metallic ions [3]. These materials possess the advantages of polymers such as lightweight, low cost and resistance to chemical attack. The development of SPE based on sustainable resources attracts much attention due to depletion of petroleum and environmental issues. Among natural polymers, natural rubber (NR) extracted from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis is well known for its valuable properties, such as outstanding green strength, superior resilience and high flexibility [4, 5]. NR consists of more than 95% cis-polyisoprene of which the molecular weight is about 106 dalton [6]
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