Preparation and characterization of aliphatic polyurethane and modified hydroxyapatite composites for bone tissue engine
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Preparation and characterization of aliphatic polyurethane and modified hydroxyapatite composites for bone tissue engineering Lokesh Kumar1 · Dheeraj Ahuja1 Received: 8 June 2019 / Revised: 5 December 2019 / Accepted: 10 December 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Surfaces of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) particles were modified by grafting of etidronic acid (ETD, 0.1 M) and were reinforced into polyurethane scaffolds prepared by foaming method to develop porous modified nano-hydroxyapatite/polyurethane (m-HA/PU) nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Particle size and morphology of nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. TEM and SEM results revealed that the surface of obtained modified hydroxyapatite (m-HA) particles was completely changed from grain- to plate-type structure with the size of 40 nm. Chemical structure, mechanical properties and biomedical application were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), universal testing machine and in vitro studies. In FTIR spectra, disappearance of peak around 2270 cm−1 confirmed the formation of polyurethane nanocomposite scaffolds and bands in the spectral range of 1400 and 800–900 correspond to the presence of calcium and phosphate groups due to hydroxyapatite. As the concentration of m-HA increased from 0 to 30 wt%, the compressive strength of the resulting PU/m-HA nanocomposites increased from 0.094 to 22.4 MPa. In vitro study with simulated body fluid (SBF) for 4 weeks indicated that surface was partially hydrolysed. Cell culture study showed that m-HA/PU nanocomposite scaffold is well suited for application in bone tissue engineering. Keywords PU scaffolds · Castor oil · Cytocompatibility · SEM · Tissue engineering
* Lokesh Kumar [email protected] 1
Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Polymer Bulletin
Introduction Tissue engineering plays a pivotal role in regeneration of damaged or accidentally injured tissues. Numerous techniques available for the preparation of 3D scaffolds (templates) for this purpose are autografts, allografts and xenografts [1], and a large amount of research efforts are dedicated towards advancement of these techniques. However, in spite of all the efforts, there are major drawbacks like the presence of donor sites, tissue volume to harvest, feeble immune response, rejection of grafts and others adverse biofouling response. Latest effort further favours the synthesis of biodegradable scaffolds with highly porous structure, high biocompatibility and bioactivity [1, 2]. In the recent researches, it has been found that the bioactivity of 3D scaffolds can be increased to a greater extent by introducing some special types of ceramics that themselves possess bioactive responses. These ceramics like hydroxyapatite (HA), bio-glass, vitreous carbo
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