Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Polyurethane Nanofibrous Microfiltration Membrane
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Polyurethane Nanofibrous Microfiltration Membrane Mohsen Moslehi1 · Hossein Mahdavi1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Herein, the preparation of polyurethane nanofibrous microfiltration membranes, with electrospinning and then dip-coating methods was reported. The study of process parameters (i.e. needle-free electrospinning and dip-coating condition) on the membrane properties was also conducted. The different pore sizes of the prepared MF membranes (e.g. 0.23, 0.33, and 0.47 μm) is orchestrated through the adjustment of various electrospinning and dip-coating parameters. The capability of these membranes to simultaneously eliminate the sources of water pollution, i.e. micro-particles and bacteria, has been demonstrated. Specifically, the prepared membranes could thoroughly reject the E. coli BL21 (DE3) bacteria (~ 97–99%) as well as micro-particles through size extrusion mechanism (~ 95–99%), while they retained a high permeation flux (~ 65,400, ~ 40,000 and ~ 25,700 (L/m2 h bar) for 0.46, 0.33, and 0.25 μm pore size, respectively). In addition, a comparison between nanofibrous MF membranes and their commercial counterparts from both utility and effectiveness standpoint was conducted and the obtained result indicated the supreme performance of these membranes in comparison with the commercial membranes of the same mean pore size, also with almost double or triple higher flux. Keywords Needle-free · Electrospinning · Dip-coating · Polyurethane · Nanofibers · Micro-particles · Bacteria removal
Introduction Increasing global population growth rate, industrialization, environmental pollution concerns, and the deficit of available resources, has made the issue of water treatment an emergent necessity [1, 2]. Therefore, developing a more practicable purification technique from both efficiency and cost aspects is indispensable [3]. Amongst the wastewater treatment technologies, pressure-driven membrane filtration processes e.g. microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO), have proven be high-efficient and markedly accessible [4]. In particular, MF membrane featuring pore sizes in the 0.1–10 μm range are able to fulfill the pretreatment of wastewater and the rejection of the most of bacteria as well as other contaminants from polluted water [5, 6]. Sterilization of the polluted water by means of MF membranes is highly favored since most of the micro-organisms in aqueous media involved * Hossein Mahdavi [email protected] 1
School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155–6455, Tehran, Iran
and conveyed on the water are normally sized greater than 0.5 μm [7]. Hence, the majority of commercial membranes (CMs) such as Sartorius or Millipore, with nominal 0.22 μm and 0.45 μm pore sizes, were accustomed for MF utilizations. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs), as a stateof-the-art material suitable for MF application, could
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