Prevalence of genital HPV infection in STI and healthy populations and risk factors for viral persistence
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BRIEF REPORT
Prevalence of genital HPV infection in STI and healthy populations and risk factors for viral persistence Giulia Ciccarese 1 & Astrid Herzum 1 & Angela Pastorino 2 & Marih Dezzana 2 & Stefania Casazza 2 & Maria Gabriella Mavilia 3 & Francesco Copello 3 & Aurora Parodi 1 & Francesco Drago 1 Received: 20 April 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-established carcinogenic agent. This study aimed to assess prevalence and persistence rate of genital HPV infection in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) patients and healthy subjects. The risk factors influencing the persistence of genital HPV infection were also investigated. The samples were collected with the ThinPrep liquid-based cytology system. Among the HPV-positive patients, those consenting were retested after 12 months. Overall, 145/292 subjects proved HPV positive with a higher prevalence (51%) in STI than in healthy population (43%). The persistence of genital HPV infection was statistically associated with female gender, HR-HPV infection, smoking, and Ureaplasma parvum infection. Keywords Human papillomavirus prevalence . Risk factors . Persistence
Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a causative agent for cancers that have a definite relationship with sex [1–4]. Sexual transmission is the usual route, but after infection, HPV can spread from one part of the body to another [2]. Patients with genital HPV infection have an increased risk of oral/anal infection [2, 5], and in women with cervical cancer, the virus is easily transmitted by sex to oral cavity of partners and in turn to their own oral cavity [5]. HPV infections are mostly cleared by the immune system within 1 year, but a minority of them may persist and progress to cancer [6]. Therefore, the knowledge of the risk factors contributing to the viral persistence is crucial to stop the carcinogenic progression. This study aimed to assess prevalence and persistence rate of genital HPV infection in Giulia Ciccarese and Astrid Herzum contributed equally to this work. * Giulia Ciccarese [email protected] 1
Section of Dermatology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
2
Pathology Unit, Galliera Hospitals, Via Mura delle Cappuccine, 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy
3
Occupational Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
sexually transmitted infections (STIs) patients and apparently healthy subjects. The possible risk factors influencing the persistence of HPV infection were also investigated.
Methods The patients visited between January 2016 and December 2018 at the STIs Center of our hospital for STIs screening were retrospectively studied to assess the prevalence rate of genital HPV infection; the apparently healthy subjects requiring a full body skin examination for skin cancer screening program in the same study period were considered as control group. To be included in the
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