Preventing the Onset of Anxiety Disorders in Offspring of Anxious Parents: A Six-Year Follow-up
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Preventing the Onset of Anxiety Disorders in Offspring of Anxious Parents: A Six‑Year Follow‑up Golda S. Ginsburg1 · Jenn‑Yun Tein2 · Mark A. Riddle3 Accepted: 7 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study examined the effects of a family-based intervention Coping and Promoting Strength (CAPS) relative to a control condition, information-monitoring (IM), to prevent the onset of anxiety disorders in offspring of anxious parents six years after their initial assessment. One hundred thirty six families participated in the original randomized trial; 113 (83%) completed the one time follow-up assessment. Presence of anxiety disorders and severity of symptoms in offspring were assessed by masked evaluators using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule; parents and offspring also completed questionnaires assessing offspring anxiety. Using the intention to treat sample from the original trial, Cox regression models showed significant intervention main effects in the rate of onset of anxiety disorders from baseline to follow-up (anxiety disorder: hazard ratio (HR) = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.54, 4.21) but growth curves suggest effects occurred within the first year after program completion. No group differences were found in the cumulative incidence of anxiety disorders at the six-year follow-up. Additional intervention appears needed to maintain the initial positive effects long-term to reduce the risk for downstream disability. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT00847561 Key Words Anxiety Disorders · Prevention · Follow up · Family-based Pediatric anxiety disorders are common, impairing, and costly [1, 2]. The most recent meta-analysis (25 family aggregation studies, 7,285 offspring) concluded that offspring of parents with an anxiety disorder are more likely to meet criteria for an anxiety disorder relative to parents without an anxiety disorder with the risk ratio estimated to be 1.76, with parental generalized anxiety and panic disorders conferring an increased risk [3]. Family aggregation studies and prior meta-analyses also report higher risk for offspring of parents with an anxiety disorder [4, 5] with offspring of parents who meet criteria for an anxiety disorder being four times more likely to have an anxiety disorder compared to * Golda S. Ginsburg [email protected] 1
Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 65 Kane Street Room 2033, West Hartford, CT 06119, USA
2
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
3
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
offspring whose parents have no disorder. Taken together, these data suggest that targeting this high-risk population for the prevention of disorder onset may lower the social, academic, economic, and familial burden associated with pediatric anxiety disorders. A growing literature examining the effectiveness of psychosocial preventive interventions (universal, targ
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